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Ikhaya Ukukhulisa ukukhulelwa Ngaphambi kokubeletha Ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi oi-Shamila Rafat Ngu UShamila Rafat ngoMashi 7, 2019

Ukukhulelwa kungamguqula ngokuphelele owesifazane, ngezindlela eziningi kunesinye. Ukushintshashintsha kwamahomoni emzimbeni kungabekwa icala ngezinguquko zomzimba nezingokomzwelo ezitholwa ngumama. Umzimba wowesifazane uguqulwa ngokuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lezi zinguquko zomzimba zenzeka kukho konke ukukhulelwa - kusuka ekukhulelweni kuze kube yisikhathi sokubeletha. Umzimba wowesifazane uya kumodi yokulungiselela kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwengane, bese uqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa ngokufanele.

Izinguquko ezingokomzwelo, njengokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ngisho nokucindezeleka, zingase zibe nzima kumama, ikakhulukazi kumama wokuqala. Izinguquko zomzimba nazo zidinga ukulungiswa okuningi kumama. Yize ushintsho oluphawuleka kakhulu kunoma yimuphi owesifazane ophethe ingane ukuzuza kancane kancane kwesisindo, kukhona nokunwebeka kwezinqulu ngokunqwabelana kwamafutha ezinqeni, emathangeni nasezinqeni.

Olunye ushintsho oluphawulekayo emzimbeni kowesifazane lwenzeka emabeleni akhe. Ngokuhambisana nokukhula ngosayizi, ukuma nobuningi bamabele nakho kuyashintsha.

Yize ushintsho oluphawuleka kakhulu emabeleni kukhula ngosayizi njengoba amabele azihlomisela ukondla usana olusanda kuzalwa, kunezinto eziningi ezenzekayo ngamabele eziletha ushintsho. Lolu shintsho alwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa futhi lwenzeka kancane kancane, lusakazeke kuzo zonke izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngoshintsho luqhubeka futhi lapho umntwana esezelwe.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amabele enza ushintsho ngesilinganiso esisheshayo, izinguquko ezingabangelwa amazinga aphakeme amahomoni athile - iprogesterone, i-estrogen kanye neprolactin ^[1] - emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kokukhuphuka kwamazinga ama-hormone, umzimba uphinde ulungiselele i-buffer ukwamukela ingane ekhulayo esibelethweni.

Izinguquko Zesibele Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wowesifazane uhlangabezana nezinguquko eziningi ezingabizwa ngokuthi yi-hormonal, metabolism kanye ne-immunologic. ^[okubili] Ngenkathi izinguquko zikhona zombili ngaphandle nangaphakathi, izinguquko zesifuba ezivelele kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ubuhlungu, ushintsho oluvelele kunabo bonke, obubangelwa amazinga andayo e-estrogen ne-progesterone.

2. Ubunzima, okuvame ukubonakala kusukela ngeviki lesi-6 lokukhulelwa.

3. Ukwanda kwevolumu, ucwaningo luveza ukuthi yize kungekho ukukhulelwa okubili okufana ncamashi kuzo zonke izici, umthamo webele ukhuphuke cishe ngama-96 ml [3] ngokwesilinganiso.

4. Ukungafihli lutho, ukwanda kokuphakelwa kwegazi emithanjeni kwenza imithambo ibonakale imnyama, kunikeze umbono webele liguquke.

5. Izingono nama-areolas kukhula kube kukhulu [4] futhi kuguqula ukuma futhi.

6. Izingono kanye nama-areolas amnyama ngombala.

7. Ukuzwa ukuzwa emabeleni.

8. Izigaxa namaqhuqhuva, imvamisa ama-cysts noma izicubu zomucu.

9. Ukuvuza, i-colostrum iqala ukuphuma phakathi neviki le-16

10 ..

11. Ama-tubercles aseMontgomery, izakhiwo ezifana nezinduna ezizungeze ingono ezikhupha i-sebum ukugcina izifo zesikhumba zikhona.

12. Ushintsho olukhulu lwebele lubonakala kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ubuhlungu, benziwa lapho amabele egcwele ubisi enganeni.

13. Ukushwabana kwamabele kuvamise ukubonwa ngasekugcineni kokukhulelwa, kanti nokuxega kuyaqhubeka ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.

14. Amamaki wokunwebeka abangelwa njengoba isifuba sikhula kakhulu ngosayizi.

Ngenkathi lokhu okushiwo ngenhla kungukushintshwa kwesifuba okuvela ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhulelwa, ake sihlaziye izinguquko njengoba zivela.

Funda futhi: Imibuzo emi-5 Ongayibuza Ekuqokweni Kwakho Kwe-OB Okokuqala

Isonto neviki Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinguquko Esibelethweni

Ucwaningo lwenziwe ukuthola ukuthi ukwanda kosayizi wamabele kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-asymmetry (FA) phakathi kwamabele amabili nolunye ushintsho lwe-mammary ngandlela thile kuhlobene yini nobulili bengane esibelethweni. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kocwaningo olwenziwe, kubonakale ukuthi abesifazane ababika ukwanda okuthe xaxa ngosayizi webele labo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa maningi amathuba okuthi bathwale umbungu wesilisa ^[5] .

Noma kunjalo, izinguquko ezenzeka esifubeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zenzeka kancane kancane nangokuhlelekile.

Isonto 1 kuye kwesonto 4

Esibelethweni, lesi yisigaba seqanda esikhukhulayo nesikhuphayo. Ushintsho lokuqala emabeleni ukukhula kwama-alveolar buds kanye namapayipi obisi. Lokhu kukhula kuphezulu kakhulu esontweni lesibili lapho iqanda livundiswa. Isonto lesithathu libalulekile njengoba isisa, esivame ukubhekwa njengesinye sezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, sibonakala kakhulu kowesifazane okhulelwe. Ukuzwela okuzungeze izingono kungazwakala esontweni lesine. Lokhu kuzwela kungenxa yokwanda kokuphakelwa kwegazi emabeleni.

Lesi sikhathi lapho ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwamaseli akhiqiza ubisi kwenzeka, okuholela ekuthweni noma ekushosheni emabeleni.

Isonto lesi-5 kuye kwelesonto lesi-8

Izinguquko eziningi zenzeka emabeleni phakathi kwamasonto ayisi-5 kuya kwayi-8 okukhulelwa. AmaHormone abizwa ngokuthi ama-lactogens angama-placental aqala ukuxhumana namabele. Izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka esakhiweni samaseli amabele ukuze awahlomise ukuphatha ubisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi yisikhathi lapho cishe bonke abesifazane bebika umuzwa wokugcwala emabeleni abo ahambisana nobunzima obuphawulekile njengoba amapayipi obisi eqala ukuvuvukala.

Ama-areola noma indawo enemibala ezungeze ingono ngayinye, aqala ukujika abe mnyama kakhulu kulesi sikhathi. Lokhu kuba mnyama ukwenza ukuthi usana olusanda kuzalwa lukwazi ukuthola isifuba kalula. Futhi, izingono ziqala ukuphuma. Zonke lezi zinguquko zibikwa esontweni lesihlanu nelesithupha. Kusevikini lesikhombisa lapho ibele landa khona ngesisindo lifinyelela kuma-650 amagremu ohlangothini ngalunye.

Isonto lesishiyagalombili libalulekile ekubonakaleni kwamatubercles aseMontgomery kanye 'marbling'. Ama-tubercles aseMontgomery, asukela phakathi kwabambalwa kuya kwabangama-28 ngenani, angamabhulu akhulisiwe anjengezinduna avela ezigcawini, akhipha uketshezi olunamafutha ukugcina izingono zithanjisiwe futhi zivikelekile ezifweni. IMarbling ukukhula kwemithambo engaphansi kobuso besifuba.

Isonto 9 kuye ngesonto 12

Ushintsho oluyinhloko ngalesi sikhathi ngukuthi ubumnyama nokukhuphuka kosayizi we-areola. Lesi futhi yisikhathi lapho i-areola yesibili iba khona futhi ingabonakala njengezicubu ezinombala okhanyayo ngokuqhathaniswa nasesola emnyama, imvamisa engabonakali phakathi kwabesifazane abanebala elikhanyayo. Njengasonto le-10, ukukhula okukhulu ebeleni kuyenziwa, lesi cishe isikhathi esihle kakhulu sowesifazane ukuthola ubhodisi omusha. Ukuguqulwa kwengono kuvame ukubonakala cishe ngesonto leshumi nambili lokukhulelwa. Yize kuvame ukubonwa komama bokuqala, inversion inversion iyalungiswa yodwa njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka.

Isonto le-13 kuya kwesonto le-16

Isonto le-13 nele-14 libalulekile ekwandeni okukhulu kokujikeleza kwegazi. Ama-areola aqala ukubukeka enemabala kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ngeviki le-16, ukuthamba kwebele ngokuvamile kuyaphela. Lesi futhi yisikhathi lapho kukhishwa uketshezi olunamathelayo emabeleni. Eyaziwa njenge-colostrum, ilayishwa izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile namandla okwakha ukumelana nengane esanda kuzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, amathonsi egazi nawo angabonakala ephuma egangeni. Yize kuyinto ejwayelekile, kungaboniswana nodokotela uma kunesidingo sokuhlolwa.

Isonto le-16 kuya kwelesonto lama-20

Lesi yisikhathi lapho kuvela khona izigaxa ezingenakugwenywa namamaki ezelulwa. Njengoba kunqwabelana amafutha emabeleni phakathi nesonto le-18 lokukhulelwa, kuvela izigaxa - i-fibroadenomas, i-galactoceles, ama-cysts - emabeleni. Lezi zigaxa imvamisa azinomdlavuza futhi azikho ukukhathazeka.

Njengoba isikhumba siselula ngokungafanele ngenxa yokukhuliswa kwamabele, izimpawu zokwelula ziyabonakala emabeleni, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi.

Isonto lama-21 kuya kweviki lama-24

Amabele asebukhulu bawo obukhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Njengoba ukunqwabelana kwamafutha kubangela ukuthi amabele ajuluke kakhulu, amabhrasi agqokwe ngalesi sikhathi kufanele ngokukhethekile enziwe ngokotini. Ukuze ukugeleza kwegazi kungavinjelwe, o-bras be-underwire abacebisi ukuthi bagqokwe ngalesi sikhathi.

Isonto lama-25 kuya kweviki lama-28

Kulesi sikhathi, ngeviki lama-26, amabele asuke esegcwele kakhulu futhi abukeka sengathi ahlekisile kwabanye besifazane. Noma kungenjalo kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe, kwabesifazane abaningi i-colostrum nayo ivame ukufihlwa njalo. Ngeveke lama-27, emabele asekulungele kukhicitwa kwelubisi. Ihomoni i-progesterone igxilisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuze kube isikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane. Isonto lama-28 lokukhulelwa liletha ezinye izinguquko eziningi, ezinjengokuthi - ukujikeleza kwegazi kuyanda, indawo ezungeze izingono iba mnyama, amapayipi obisi aqala ukunwebeka nemithambo yegazi engaphansi kwesikhumba ibonakale ngeso lenyama.

Isonto lama-29 kuya kwelesonto lama-32

Ushintsho oluvelele kakhulu emabeleni azungeze isonto lama-30 ukubonakala kokuqubuka kwezithukuthuku. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwemithambo yegazi kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngenxa yokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi kuye emabeleni. Ukuqubuka kwezithukuthuku akumele kunganakwa futhi kuphathwe ngendlela efanele ukugwema ubungozi bokutheleleka ngokuqhubekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensipho emabeleni kufanele kugwenywe kusukela ngesonto lama-32 lokukhulelwa njengoba izigaxa ezifana nezinduna ezizungeze izingono sezivele zikhiqiza i-sebum enokhilimu owanele ukugcina isikhumba simanzi kahle. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwamasonto angama-29 kuye kwangama-32 futhi lapho amamaki wokunweba eqala ukubonakala kakhulu.

Isonto lama-33 kuya kwelesonto lama-36

Manje, cishe kubo bonke abesifazane, inani elithile le-colostrum nalo liqala ukufihla izingono. Izingono zivelele kakhulu kunangaphambili. Isonto lama-36 mhlawumbe isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthenga ubhodisi wobuhlengikazi, kukhunjulwa ukuthi amabele azogcwala lapho ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuqala futhi kancane kancane kubuyela kokujwayelekile.

Isonto lama-37 kuya kwelesonto lama-40

Esigabeni sokugcina sokukhulelwa - okungukuthi, phakathi kwamasonto angama-37 kuye kwangama-40 - i-colostrum iguqula umbala usuke kuketshezi oluphuzi uye kuketshezi olungenambala noluphaphathekile. Amabele avuthwe ngokuphelele ukuncelisa ingane. Ukuphathwa kwamabele ngesandla kuholela ekusithekeni kwe-oxytocin, i-hormone edala ukusikwa.

Ngenkathi ukwakheka kwezigaxa emabeleni kuyinto ejwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iningi lezigaxa ziba nobungozi, lisekhona ithuba lokuthi izigaxa ezinjalo zibe nomdlavuza. Yize kungavamile (cishe 1 ku-3,000) ^[6] , kunamathuba okuthi owesifazane okhulelwe abe nomdlavuza webele ohlobene nokukhulelwa.

Buka Izinkomba ze-Article

[1]Yu, J. H., Kim, M. J., Cho, H., Liu, H. J., Han, S. J., & Ahn, T. G. (2013). Izifo zamabele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation. Isayensi ye-Obstetrics & gynecology, 56 (3), 143-159.
[okubili]UMotosko, C. C., Bieber, A. K., Pomeranz, M. K., Stein, J. A., & Martires, K. J. (2017). Izinguquko ze-Physiologic zokukhulelwa: Ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo. Ijenali yamazwe omhlaba yesikhumba sabesifazane, 3 (4), 219-224.
[3]Bayer, C. M., Bani, M. R., Schneider, M., Dammer, U., Raabe, E., Haeberle, L., ... & Schulz-Wendtland, R. (2014). Ukuhlolwa kokushintshwa kwevolumu yebele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa komuntu kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlola ubuso obunamacala amathathu ocwaningweni oluzayo lwe-CGATE. Ijenali YaseYurophu Yokuvimbela Umdlavuza, 23 (3), 151-157.
[4]UThanaboonyawat, I., Chanprapaph, P., Lattalapkul, J., & Rongluen, S. (2013). Ucwaningo lwe-Pilot lokukhula okujwayelekile kwezingono ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ijenali yokuLactation Kwabantu, 29 (4), 480-483.
[5]Żelaźniewicz, A., & Pawłowski, B. (2015). Usayizi webele kanye ne-asymmetry ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuthembela ocansini lombungu. Ijenali yaseMelika Yezinto Zabantu, 27 (5), 690-696.
[6]UBeyer, I., Mutschler, N., Blum, K. S., & Mohrmann, S. (2015). Izilonda zamabele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - Inselelo Yokuhlonza: Umbiko Wendaba. Ukunakekelwa kwebele (iBasel, eSwitzerland), 10 (3), 207-210.