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Usuku Lomhlaba Lwesifuba Somoya lubhekwa minyaka yonke ngoLwesibili lokuqala kuMeyi. Usuku Lomhlaba Wesifuba Sika-2020 lungo-5 Meyi. Lo mkhosi waminyaka yonke uhlelwe yi-Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), ngenhloso yokuqwashisa, ukunakekela kanye nokweseka abantu abathintwe yisifo sokuphefumula [1] .
Usuku Lomhlaba Lokubamba Isifuba Somoya lwasungulwa ngo-1998 kanti kulo nyaka (2020), iGlobal Initiative for Asthma (GINA) ithathe isinqumo sokuthi Usuku Lomhlaba Lwesifuba Sikahle luzoba ngoMeyi 5 minyaka yonke [okubili] . Itimu Yomhlaba We-Asthma 2020 ithi 'Kwanele Ukufa Kwe-Asthma.'
Kulolu Suku Lwe-Asthma Lomhlaba, sizobheka isihloko se-asthma noma i-asthma ebuntwaneni ezinganeni. Ngokuvamile, i-asthma yisifo esingelapheki esidala ukuvuvukala nokuncipha kwemigwaqo yomoya emaphashini. Kubangela ukushaywa umoya (umsindo onempempe lapho uphefumula), ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula okuncane, nokukhwehlela [3] .
Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, imisipha yakho yomoya iyancipha futhi ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lukhiqiza amafinyila amaningi, kuvimbela ukuphefumula kwakho. Ama-Allergen afana nothuli, izinhlamvu, izinwele zezilwane, umoya obandayo, ukutheleleka kanye nengcindezi kungadala i-asthma [4] .
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-asthma, ezilethwa yizimbangela ezahlukene. Ezinye zezinhlobo ze-asthma ezivame kakhulu i-asthma yabantu abadala, i-asthma ye-allergies, i-asthma-COPD ihlangana, i-asthma engekho, i-asthma yomsebenzi kanye ne-asthma yobuntwana [5] .
Siyini Isifuba Somoya Sobuntwana?
I-asthma yengane nayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-asthma yezingane, iyafana naleyo ye-asthma ebikwe kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, i-asthma yobuntwana inezimpawu ezihlukile uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesifuba somoya. Lapho ingane inesifuba somoya, amaphaphu nemigwaqo yomoya ivutha kalula lapho ivezwa ezintweni ezifana nokuhogela impova noma ukuthola umkhuhlane noma esinye isifo sokuphefumula. [6] .
Izimpawu zale nkinga yokuphefumula zingenza kube nzima enganeni yakho ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokuya esikoleni, ukudlala ngisho nokulala. Alikho ikhambi lesifuba somoya ezinganeni kepha kunezindlela ongavimba ngazo izimbangela yingakho, ukhawulele umonakalo emaphashini engane akhulayo [7] .
Ziyini Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zesifuba Sobuntwana?
Izimpawu ze-asthma yobuntwana zingahluka kusuka kwengane eyodwa kuya kwenye futhi ingane ingaba nezimpawu ezihlukile kusuka esiqeshini kuya kwesinye. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-asthma yobuntwana zimi kanje [8] :
- Umsindo oshaywayo noma oshayayo lapho uphefumulela ngaphandle
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukuminyana kwesifuba noma ukuqina
- Ukukhwehlela njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudlala noma sokuzivocavoca umzimba
- Ukungabi namandla
- Inkinga yokulala ngenxa yezinkinga zokukhwehlela noma zokuphefumula
- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
- Imisipha eqinile yentamo nesifuba
- Ezinganeni, kunenkinga yokudla noma ukukhononda ngenkathi udla
Izimpawu ezinzima ze-asthma yobuntwana ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha zimi kanje [9] :
- Ukudonsa esifubeni nasezinhlangothini njengoba bephefumula
- Ukujuluka okweqile
- Ukuma phakathi nomusho ukuze ubambe umoya
- Isisu esizika ngaphansi kwezimbambo zabo lapho bezama ukuthola umoya
- Amakhala akhulisiwe
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Asthma Yobuntwana?
Ochwepheshe bezempilo bagomela ngokuthi izimbangela zesifuba somoya sasebuntwaneni aziqondakali ngokuphelele. Ezinye zezimbangela ezingaba khona ze-asthma yezingane zilandelayo [10] :
- Ukuvezwa kokungcola kwemvelo, njengentuthu kagwayi noma okunye ukungcola komoya
- Ukuthambekela okuzuzwe njengefa kokuthuthukisa ukungezwani komzimba
- Abazali abane-asthma
- Ukutheleleka kwezindiza esemncane kakhulu
Yiziphi Izimbangela Zesifuba Sobuntwana?
Izimbangela ziyahluka kuye ngengane futhi kwezinye izimo, isisusa sokuphendula singabambezeleka, okwenza kube nzima ukusikhomba. Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile ze-asthma yobuntwana zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo [ishumi nanye] :
- Ama-Allergens afana namaphela, izibungu zothuli, isikhunta, i-pet dander, kanye nempova
- Izicasuli ezinjengokungcola komoya, amakhemikhali, umoya obandayo, iphunga noma intuthu
- Ukutheleleka komoya njengamakhaza, inyumoniya, kanye nezifo zesono
- Ukucindezeleka
- Umsebenzi womzimba
Kwezinye izingane, izimpawu ze-asthma zenzeka ngaphandle kokubangela okubonakalayo.
Yiziphi Izici Zobungozi Besifuba Sezingane?
Izici ezingakhuphula amathuba engane yakho yokuba nesifuba somoya zimi kanje [12] :
- Ukusabela okweqile okwedlule, kufaka phakathi ukusabela kwesikhumba, ukungezwani kokudla noma i-hay fever
- Izimo zokuphefumula, ezifana ne-runny engapheli noma impumu (i-rhinitis), izilo ezivuthayo (sinusitis) noma i-pneumonia
- Ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi, kufaka phakathi ngaphambi kokuzalwa
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Umlando womndeni wesifuba somoya noma i-allergies
- Ukuhlala endaweni enokungcola okuphezulu
- Isilungulela (isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal, noma i-GERD)
- Ubulili (owesilisa)
- Ubuhlanga [13]
Yiziphi Izinkinga Ze-Asthma Yobuntwana?
I-asthma yobuntwana ingadala izinkinga eziningi futhi zimi kanje [14] :
- Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo noma ukunakekelwa esibhedlela
- Ukubuyela emuva esikoleni
- Ukungalali kahle nokukhathala
- Ukulimala okungapheli ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu
- Izimpawu eziphazamisa imisebenzi ejwayelekile yomzimba
Sitholwa Kanjani Isifo Somoya Sobuntwana?
I-asthma, ngokuvamile, ingaba nzima ukuyithola ngoba izimo eziningi zobuntwana zingaba nezimpawu ezifana nalezo ezibangelwa i-asthma [ishumi nanhlanu] . Udokotela uzohlaziya izimpawu futhi anqume ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zengane yakho zibangelwa yisifuba somoya, isimo ngaphandle kwesifuba somoya, noma kokubili isifuba somoya nesinye isimo.
Izimo ezilandelayo zingadala izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma ezinganeni [16] :
- Ukungajwayelekile kwe-Airway
- Isinusitis
- I-acid reflux noma isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Ukuphefumula okungasebenzi
- I-Rhinitis
- Izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-bronchiolitis negciwane lokuphefumula le-syncytial (RSV)
Ukuze uhlolisise isimo, udokotela angahle anikeze izivivinyo ezilandelayo [17] :
- Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-nitric oxide okuphumile kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi imishanguzo ye-steroid ingasiza yini i-asthma yengane yakho
- Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba somzimba, lapho isikhumba sihlatshwa yizinto ezivamile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi sigcinelwe izimpawu zokungazwani
Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha I-Asthma Yezingane?
Indlela yokuqala yokwelashwa kwesifuba somoya ebuntwaneni incike ebukhulwini besifuba somoya sengane yakho futhi inhloso yokwelashwa kwesifuba sokugcina izimpawu zilawulwa. Ukwelapha i-asthma kuhilela kokubili ukuvimbela izimpawu nokwelapha ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okuqhubekayo [18] .
Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka yobudala emi-3 ezinezimpawu ezincane zesifuba somoya, udokotela angasebenzisa indlela yokulinda nokubona ngoba imiphumela yesikhathi eside yemithi yesifuba ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezisencane ayicaci [19] .
Lapho-ke, lapho imbangela nezimbangela sekuqondwa, imithi yesikhathi eside izonqunywa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ezindleleni zomoya zengane yakho okuholela ezimpawu futhi zimi kanje [amashumi amabili] :
- I-corticosteroids emuncwe
- Inhalers yenhlanganisela
- Izinguquko zeLeukotriene
- Ama-immunomodulatory agents
- Ama-corticosteroids omlomo kanye nemithambo
- Ama-beta-agonists asebenza okwesikhashana
Qaphela : ICorticosteroids isigaba somuthi owehlisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
Ngabe Isifuba Sobuntwana Singavinjelwa?
Ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokugwema izimbangela ze-asthma kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. Cabanga ngalezi zindlela zokuzivikela ezilandelayo [amashumi amabili nanye] :
- Gcina umswakama ophansi ekhaya
- Gcina umoya wasendlini uhlanzekile
- Sebenzisa i-air conditioner njengoba isiza ukunciphisa inani lempova evela emoyeni ezihlahleni, otshanini nokhula oluthola ukungena endlini
- Hlanza indlu njalo
- Nciphisa ukutholakala kwengane yakho emoyeni obandayo
- Siza ingane yakho igcine isisindo esinempilo
- Ungabhemi eduze kwengane yakho
- Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi isebenze njengoba umsebenzi ojwayelekile ungasiza amaphaphu ukuthi asebenze kahle
Encwadini Yokugcina…
Kungaba nengcindezi ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthi ilawule i-asthma kepha udinga ukuthi ube yisistimu yokusekela ingane yakho futhi unake kakhulu lokho ingane yakho engakwenza, hhayi imikhawulo. Yenza ukwelashwa kube ingxenye yempilo ejwayelekile futhi uthole usizo, lapho kudingeka.
