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Njalo ngonyaka kugujwa umhla ka-19 Novemba njengesikhumbuzo sokuzalwa kuka-Indira Gandhi, uNdunankulu Wokuqala WaseNdiya. Wayengukuphela kwendodakazi kaPandit Jawahar Lal Nehru nomkakhe uKamela Nehru. Wazalwa ngonyaka we-1917, waba nguNdunankulu wesibili owake wahlala isikhathi eside kunabo bonke ngemuva kukayise. Kodwa-ke, impilo yakhe ibilokhu iluchungechunge lwezigameko okumele uzazi. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke amaqiniso angaziwa ngaye.
Ukuzalwa kuka-Indira Gandhi Nempilo Yasekuqaleni
1. Wazalwa ngo-19 Novemba 1917 e-Anand Bhawan e-Allahabad, e-Uttar Pradesh.
ezimbili. Wanikwa igama elithi Priyadarshini yimbongi edumile 'uRabindra Nath Tagore' ngakho-ke, igama lakhe eligcwele kwakungu-Indira Priyadarshini.
3. Ngezinsuku zakhe zobuntwana, wabona imizabalazo yenkululeko yaseNdiya. Ngokushesha wabona ukuthi izimpahla zangaphandle ziqinisa umnotho wamaBritishers ngakho-ke, washisa onodoli bakhe namanye amathoyizi enziwa eNgilandi.
Isine. Njengoba ubaba wakhe wayehlala ematasa emzabalazweni wenkululeko, u-Indira wachitha isikhathi esincane naye. Kuthiwa ngenkathi uPandit Nehru engekho ekhaya, ubaba oyindodakazi yakhe wayejwayele ukuxhumana ngezincwadi.
5. Kamuva wajoyina i-University of Oxford ngemuva kokushona kukanina owayegula eYurophu.
Umshado Ka-Indira Gandhi Nomama
1. Washada noFeroze Gandhi owayenguParsi ngonyaka we-1942. Ngemuva kwalokhu, waba ngu-Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi futhi wayedume ngelika-Indira Gandhi. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi uFeroze Gandhi wayehlobene noMahatama Gandhi okungesilo iqiniso. Wayengahlobene ndawo nomndeni kaMahatama Gandhi.
ezimbili. Wayenamadodana amabili uRajiv Gandhi (owazalwa ngonyaka we-1944) noSanjay Gandhi (owazalwa ngonyaka we-1946). Ukhethe uSanjay Gandhi ukuthi abe yindlalifa yakhe futhi aqhubeke nefa lakhe.
3. Umshado wakhe noFeroze Gandhi waphela ngonyaka we-1960 ngenkathi eshona ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo. Umshado uthathe iminyaka engu-18 kuphela.
4. Ngaphambi kokuba asebenze njengoNdunankulu, waphinde wasebenza njengomsizi kababa wakhe ongekho emthethweni kanye noNdunankulu wangaleso sikhathi uJawahar Lal Nehru.
U-Indira Gandhi NjengoNdunankulu
1. U-Indira Gandhi waba nguNdunankulu wokuqala wesifazane waseNdiya ngonyaka we-1966 ngemuva kokushona kukaLal Bahadur Shashtri.
ezimbili. Kwakungaphansi kwesikhundla sakhe sango-1966 kuya ku-1971 ngenkathi ememezela ukuthi kwenziwe amabhange ayishumi nane asebenza eNdiya. Lesi sinqumo sathathwa ngonyaka we-1969.
3. Kukhetho lwe-Lok Sabha luka-1971, wanikeza isiqubulo esidumile esithi 'Garibi Hatao' (ukuqeda ubuphofu) njengesicelo sezepolitiki. Iqembu lathola ukwesekwa ngabantu basemakhaya nabasemadolobheni futhi lokhu kwaletha ukunqoba kweqembu. Ngakho-ke, u-Indira Gandhi waba nguNdunankulu okwesibili.
Isine. Enye yezimpumelelo ezinkulu zika-Indira Gandhi kwaba lapho i-India ithola ukunqoba kwayo empini ye-Indo-Pakistani eyenzeka ngonyaka we-1971.
5. Wayebizwa ngo-'Nkulunkulukazi u-Durga 'nguNdunankulu wangaphambili futhi ongasekho u-Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
6. Kodwa-ke, ukunqoba ePakistan akukwazanga ukumlethela uthando nokusekelwa okuningi njengoba izinkinga eziningi zazingena kuCongress Party. Isizathu salokhu bekukhula kwamandla emali, isomiso kwezinye izingxenye zezwe futhi okubaluleke kakhulu inkinga kawoyela eyabonwa ngonyaka we-1973.
Kumenyezelwe Isimo Esiphuthumayo Ngu-Indira Gandhi
1. Kwakungonyaka we-1975 ngenkathi inkantolo yase-Allahabad lapho ukunqoba kuka-Indira Gandhi okhethweni lwe-Loksabha ngo-1971 kwaba ngumphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kokhetho nokusebenzisa imishini nezinsiza zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuholele ekuthukutheleni esidlangalaleni baqala ukumbhikishela.
ezimbili. Wenqabile umyalelo wenkantolo wokuthi asule esikhundleni futhi agweme ukuphatha noma yiliphi ihhovisi kule minyaka eyisi-6 ezayo. Empeleni, waqhubeka nokudlulisa icala eNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNdiya. Umphakathi nawo wenze imibhikisho futhi wambhikishela ukumelana naye.
3. Unikeze imiyalo yokuthi kuboshwe ababhikishi ngemuva kwalokho wanxenxa uFakhruddin Ali Ahmed owayenguMengameli wangaleso sikhathi ukuba amemezele isimo Esibucayi. Ngakho-ke izimo eziphuthumayo zamenyezelwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi.
Isine. Ngalesi sikhathi, uSanjay Gandhi, indodana encane ka-Indira Gandhi wangena emandleni futhi kuthiwa ulawula futhi asebenzise amaNdiya. Wayenamandla amakhulu ngisho nangaphandle kokubamba ihhovisi likaHulumeni.
5. U-Indira Gandhi waphinda wangena embusweni futhi ngonyaka we-1980 ngemuva kokuhlakazwa kwephalamende ngo-Agasti 1979. Ngemuva kwalapho kwabanjwa ukhetho lwaseLoksabha ngoJanuwari 1980.
I-Operation Blue Star Nokufa Kwakhe
1. U-Indira Gandhi wahola umkhankaso iBlue Star kusuka ngomhlaka 1 Julayi 1984 kuya ku-8 Julayi 1984 ukuzingela uJarnail Singh Bhindranwale owayeyisishoshovu sakwaSikh kanye nalabo ababemeseka.
ezimbili. Izingxenye eziningi zethempeli zacekelwa phansi yizikhali ezinzima ezazisetshenziswa ibutho laseNdiya. Lokhu futhi kwaholela ekufeni kwenani elikhulu lezihambeli ezingenacala nabantu abaningi abangamaSikh.
3. Ekuseni ngomhlaka 31 Okthoba 1984, wadutshulwa uBeant Singh noSatwant Singh, onogada bakhe. Bobabili bamdubula ngezibhamu zomsebenzi ngesikhathi u-Indira Gandhi ehamba engadini lapho kuhlala khona uNdunankulu ku-1 Safdarjung Road, eNew Delhi.
Isine. UBeant Singh noSatwant Singh, ngemuva kokudubula u-Indira Gandhi baphonse izibhamu bazinikela. Bobabili base belandelwa ngemuva. UBeant Singh wadutshulwa wabulawa ngosuku olufanayo lokubulawa kwathi uSatwant Singh kanye noKehar Singh, owakha itulo lokubulala bagwetshwa intambo.
Ngakho-ke lokhu bekumayelana nowesifazane owaqala ukubusa waba ngomunye woNgqongqoshe beNdunankulu baseNdiya ababenamandla amakhulu.
