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URabindranath Tagore, umbongi odumile waseBangali, umculi, umculi, umcwaningi wase-Ayurveda kanye ne-polymath wazalwa ngomhlaka 7 Meyi 1861. Uvame ukubizwa ngoGurudev, Kabiguru noBiswakabi ngabazithandayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, wazibumba kabusha izincwadi zesiBengali, umculo nobuciko. Ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe, silapha sinamaqiniso athile mayelana nembongi edumile. Skrolela phansi i-athikili ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
1. URabindranath Tagore wazalwa njengoRobindronath Thakur kubazali uDebendranath Tagore noSarda Devi. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni eziyishumi nantathu ezazisaphila zalezi zithandani. Igama lesilwane sakhe kwakunguRabi.
ezimbili. UTagore wayesemncane impela ngenkathi kudlula emhlabeni umama wakhe uSarda Devi ngo-1875. Wabe esekhuliswa izinceku zakhe nomnakekeli womndeni.
3. Umndeni wakwaTagore ekuqaleni wawuphethe isibongo uKushari njengoba wawungowomuzi okuthiwa uKush wesifunda saseBardhaman eKolkata.
Isine. Ubaba kaTagore waqoka abaculi baseDhrupad ukuba beze ekhaya bazoqeqesha izingane ngomculo wakudala waseNdiya. Umfowabo omdala uDwijendranath waba yisazi sefilosofi nembongi ngenkathi omunye umfowabo uSatyendranath eba ngowokuqala waseNdiya ukujoyina i-All-European Indian Civil Services.
5. Lapho ehlanganisa iminyaka engu-11 ubudala, uRabindranath Tagore waya kuhambo lwe-All-India noyise. Uvakashele eShantiniketan, ifa likayise futhi wahlala cishe inyanga e-Amritsar. Ngesikhathi ehlala e-Amritsar, uTagore wathonywa kakhulu nguNanak Bani noGurbani abafundiswa ethempelini iGolden. Wake wakusho encwadini yakhe ethi, My Reminiscences, 'Ithempeli legolide lase-Amritsar libuyela kimi njengephupho. Izikhathi eziningi ekuseni ngangihamba nobaba ukuya kule Gurudarbar yamaSikh maphakathi nechibi. Lapho ukukhala okungcwele kuzwakala njalo. Ubaba, wayehlezi phakathi kwesixuku sabakhulekeli, kwesinye isikhathi wayefaka izwi lakhe eculweni lokudumisa, futhi ukuthola umuntu ongamazi ejoyina izingoma zabo babezoba nobungane ngomdlandla, bese sibuya sesithwele iminikelo engcwele yezingilazi zikashukela namanye amaswidi . '
6. Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, uTagore washicilela isethi yakhe yokuqala yezinkondlo ezinkulu ngaphansi kwegama elibhalwe u-Bhanusimha.
7. Ngo-1877, uTagore wabonakala ngendaba emfushane ebizwa ngokuthi 'Bhikharini' okusho ukuthi owesifazane ocelayo.
8. Ngo-1878, uTagore wabhaliswa esikoleni somphakathi eBrighton, e-East Sussex, eNgilandi njengoba ubaba wakhe ayefuna ukuba abe ngummeli. Lapho wayehlala endlini ephethwe ngumndeni wakhe ngaseHove naseBrighton.
9. Ufunde ezomthetho e-University College London isikhashana lapho ephuma ukuyofunda ngokuzimela imidlalo kaShakespeare efana no-Antony noCleopatra noCoriolanus. Ubuye wafunda ngo-Religio Medici ngu-Thomas Browne.
10. Ngonyaka we-1880, wabuyela eBengal engakaqedi ukufunda kwakhe. Ube eseqhubeka wenza izinkondlo, wabhala izindaba namanoveli. Yize imisebenzi yakhe ingazange inakwe kakhulu ezweni lonke, uthole impendulo enhle eBengal.
ishumi nanye. Kwakungunyaka we-1883 ngenkathi eshada no-Bhabtarini Devi owayeneminyaka eyi-10 kamuva owabizwa ngo-Mrinalini Devi. Lo mbhangqwana kamuva wabusiswa ngezingane ezinhlanu. Kodwa-ke, ababili babo bafa ebuntwaneni babo kuphela.
12 . Ngokushesha uRabindranath Tagore wathuthela eShelaidaha, okuyisizinda sokhokho bakhe (namuhla esiseBangladesh) ngo-1890. Ngo-1898, umkakhe nezingane bamjoyina eShelaidaha. UTagore nomndeni wakhe bachitha isikhathi eside kule ndawo futhi bahlanganisa nezinye izinkondlo zakhe ezinhle.
13. Ngenkathi ehlala eShelaidaha, wayeqoqa kakhulu imali yokuqasha futhi asize abantu bendawo. Wabuye waba nobungane nemizi eminingi.
14. Isikhathi sika-1891 kuya ku-1895, saziwa njengesikhathi sikaTagore sikaSadhana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kule minyaka wabhala izindaba eziningi nezinkondlo. Lokhu kwaqanjwa ngomunye womagazini bakhe owaduma kakhulu kubantu.
ishumi nanhlanu. Ngo-1901, uRabindranath Tagore wathuthela eSantiniketan, indawo eseWest Bengal. Lapho wathola, iMandir, isikole sokuhlola kanye ne-ashram enehholo lomkhuleko. Le yindawo lapho kushonele khona umkakhe nezingane zakhe ezimbili. Kamuva ngo-1905, ubaba kaTagore naye washona.
16. Incwadi yakhe ethi Gitanjali, okusho ukunikelwa kwezingoma, yakhishwa ngo-1912. Le ncwadi yaduma kakhulu. Nanamuhla le ncwadi ithandwa kakhulu.
17. KwakungoNovemba 1913 lapho uTagore ethola uNobel Prize in Literature, ngaleyo ndlela waba ngowokuqala ongewona owaseYurophu ukuwina lo mklomelo. Lo mklomelo ubugxile emsebenzini wakhe uGitanjali.
18. UTagore washiya isikhundla sakhe sobukhosi esanikezwa yiKing George V ngo-1915 Usuku Lokuzalwa ngemuva kweJallianwala Bagh Massacre ngo-1919. Lesi sigameko senzeka ngomhlaka 13 Ephreli esadlula nemiphefumulo yezinkulungwane zabantu abangenacala.
19. UTagore wabhala amadrama athandwayo futhi athandwa kakhulu futhi. Amanye alawa yiValmiki Pratibha, iVisarjan okwakuwumbiko wencwadi kaRajarshi, iDak Ghar neRaktakarabi. IVisarjan kuthiwa ingenye yemidlalo emihle kakhulu kaRabindranath Tagore. Ubuye wabhala nezindatshana ezahlukahlukene, izingoma, imidlalo yokudansa namanoveli.
amashumi amabili. Lapho eneminyaka engama-80, uRabindranath Tagore washona ngomhlaka-7 Agasti 1941, eCalcutta, e-Bengal Presidency (usuku lwamanje, Kolkata, West Bengal, India).
