Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Izingozi, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

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Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya enhliziyweni kuvinjelwe. Lokho wukuthi, kungachazwa njengokufa kwemisipha yenhliziyo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuphakelwa kwegazi futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi livimba umthambo ohambisa imisipha yenhliziyo.

Ukuvaleka kudalwa ngenxa yokwanda kwamafutha, i-cholesterol nezinye izinto ezakha uqweqwe emithanjeni yegazi ngakho-ke kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi ngokugqashuka kwakheke amahlule. Futhi okubizwa nge-infarction ye-myocardial, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha ^[1] .

Esinye sezifo zenhliziyo ezivame kakhulu, abesilisa abaneminyaka engama-45 noma ngaphezulu nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 noma ngaphezulu basengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kunabesilisa nabesifazane abasebasha.

Izimbangela Zokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Izimo zenhliziyo zibanga isifo senhliziyo. Iningi lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo, isimo esivala imithambo yenhliziyo enezicucu ezinamafutha. Ukwakheka kwezinto ezahlukahlukene kunganciphisa imithambo yegazi futhi kuholele ekuthuthukiseni isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ^[okubili] .

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nakho kungabangelwa ngumthambo wegazi odabukile futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, kwenzeke ngenxa yokuvuvuka komthambo wegazi ^[3] .

Izimpawu Zokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-infarction ye-myocardial zimi kanje ^[4] :

• Ingcindezi nokuqina esifubeni sakho noma ezingalweni ezingasabalala ziye entanyeni yakho

Isicanucanu

Umjuluko obandayo

Isiyezi esingazelelwe

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpawu zalesi simo azifani kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokho wukuthi, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu ziye komunye futhi ngisho nasekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo kuye kwesinye.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe isifo senhliziyo noma ubuhlungu besifuba ngoba abantu abaningi abazinaki izimpawu zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo ngokucabanga ukuthi akuyona nje into ebuhlungu esifubeni ^[5] .

Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo akufanele zinganakwa ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo zivela kumaphesenti angama-50 abo bonke abantu abahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Ukubona izimpawu zakuqala kungasiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukulimala kwenhliziyo ngoba amaphesenti angama-85 omonakalo wenhliziyo ayenzeka emahoreni amabili okuqala kulandela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ^[6] .

Izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo

• Ubuhlungu emahlombe akho, entanyeni nasemhlathini ^[7]
• Ubuhlungu obunzima noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni sakho okungahle kudlule
• Ukujuluka
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukudideka
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuzwa ukuquleka
• Ukuphefumula
• Ubumhlophe

Ukuqonda izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kubalulekile njengoba kusiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ake sibheke umehluko, ngakho-ke kungakusiza wena nabathandekayo bakho.

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo emadodeni

Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, amadoda maningi amathuba okuthi ahlaselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Njengomphumela wezinkulungwane zezifundo, abacwaningi bakwazi ukuqonda izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo eziqondene ngqo nabesilisa ^[8] .

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Umjuluko obandayo
• Isiyezi
• Ukuphefumula, okungakushiya uzizwe sengathi awukwazi ukuthola umoya owanele (noma uphumule)
• Ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki emzimbeni ophezulu (izingalo, ihlombe langakwesobunxele, emuva, intamo, umhlathi, noma isisu)
• Umuzwa onesisindo esifubeni sakho, ofika futhi udlule

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane

Izifundo zikwazile ukuqoqa ukuqonda ukuthi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane zehlukile kwezabesifazane. Izimpawu zishiwo ngezansi ^[9] .

• Ukugaya noma ubuhlungu obufana negesi
• Ubuhlungu behlombe
• Ubuhlungu obuphambili emuva
• Ubuhlungu bomphimbo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Ubumhlophe
• Ukukhathala okungavamile okuhlala izinsuku eziningana noma ukukhathala okungazelelwe

Kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo iyanda njengoba lesi sikhathi lapho umzimba wesifazane uguquka ngokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-hormone estrogen esiza ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho yehle ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini - ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ubungozi ^[10] .

Ezinye zezimpawu ezibikwe ngokukhethekile kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 zimi kanje ^{[ishumi nanye]} :

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukujuluka
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungahambi kahle engalweni eyodwa noma zombili, emuva, entanyeni, emhlathini, noma esiswini

Izici Zengozi Yokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Ezinye izinto zandisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo futhi zimi kanje ^[12] :

• Ubudala
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ugwayi
• Izinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol egazini noma amazinga e-triglyceride
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Isifo sikashukela
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokungemthetho
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• I-Metabolic syndrome
• Umlando womndeni wokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo
• Isimo sokuzimela
• Umlando we-preeclampsia

Izinkinga Zokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungaholela kwizigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile (arrhythmias), ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo (ukuhlaselwa kungalimaza izicubu zenhliziyo ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo esele ihluleke ukusebenza) futhi ukuboshwa okungazelelwe kwenhliziyo ^[13] .

Ukuxilongwa Kokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Udokotela uzohlola umzimba futhi abukeze umlando wezokwelapha. Kuzokwenziwa i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuqapha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuzotholwa amasampula egazi ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo ukubheka ukulimala kwemisipha.

Ezinye zezivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga ezithintekayo zingokulandelayo ^[14] :

• I-Echocardiogram
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-coronary catheterisation (i-angiogram)
• Ukuzivocavoca ukuhlolwa
• I-Cardiac CT noma i-MRI

Ukwelashwa Kokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Ngokuya ngesizathu nesimo, udokotela uzoncoma izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene.

Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu okwenziwayo kuzoba ukubethelwa kwenhliziyo lapho kuzofakwa uphenyo emithanjeni yegazi, okusiza udokotela ekuqondeni ukwakheka koqwembe ^{[ishumi nanhlanu]} .

Uma kunesifo senhliziyo, udokotela uzoncoma izinqubo ezisiza ekudambiseni izinhlungu nasekuvimbeleni ukuqala kwesinye isifo senhliziyo.

Lezi zinqubo zifaka i-angioplasty, i-stent, ukuhlinzwa kokudlula kwenhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo, i-pacemaker kanye nokufakelwa kwenhliziyo ^[16] .

Imithi enikezwe ukwelapha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ifaka phakathi i-aspirin, antiplatelet kanye nama-anticoagulants (ama-thinner egazi), izidakamizwa zokususa amahlule, ama-painkillers, i-thrombolytics, i-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, ama-statins, i-nitroglycerin kanye nemithi yomfutho wegazi ^[17] .

Ukuthula Kwenhliziyo

Ngokufana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukudala ukuthi umuntu angaboni nokuthi uyahlaselwa.

Ngokwezifundo, amaphesenti angama-45 abantu eNdiya aba nesifo senhliziyo unyaka nonyaka bengazi. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule nakho kudala umonakalo enhliziyweni yakho futhi kuphakamisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ^[18] .

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule kuvamile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela nakubantu abake bahlaselwa yinhliziyo phambilini.

Izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukumelwa yinhliziyo buthule zimi kanje ^[19] :

• Ukuqina kwesikhumba
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isilungulela
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Ukukhathala okwandisiwe
• Ukungakhululeki okuphakathi kwesifuba sakho, umhlathi noma izingalo ezihamba nokuphumula

Ukuvimbela Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Ukwamukela nokwenza izinguquko empilweni yakho yansuku zonke nemikhuba kungasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo ^{[amashumi amabili]} .

• Gwema ukubhema
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo
• Yidla a enempilo enhliziyweni ukudla
• Phatha isifo sikashukela
• Lawula ukucindezeleka
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Lawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol nomfutho wegazi
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha

Ukuqapha

Gwema ukuphuza amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha uma ngabe uhlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo, ngoba angakhuphula umsebenzi wokuvala igazi emzimbeni wakho ^{[amashumi amabili nanye]} .

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