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Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni (isifo sikashukela sentsha) siyakhathaza, ikakhulukazi uma siqala zisencane kakhulu. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 luvamile ezinganeni, isimo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho amaseli e-pancreatic beta abhujiswa khona, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okunganele kwe-insulin futhi kubangele amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Yize isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 sithinta nezingane mhlawumbe ngenxa yokukhuluphala, ukwanda kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala.
Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe ngonyaka we-2018, izehlakalo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ziyakhuphuka ezinganeni nasebusheni, ngamacala amasha angama-22.9 ngonyaka ngonyaka wengane eyodwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15. [1]
Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kokuqala kwezingane ezinesifo sikashukela kubalulekile. Thayipha 1 isifo sikashukela sikhombisa izimpawu ngokushesha emasontweni ambalwa ngenkathi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zohlobo 2 zikhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Abazali kumele bazi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zabo, kwesinye isikhathi okunzima ukuzibona. Bheka lezi zimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni bese uthintana nodokotela wezokwelapha kungekudala.
1. I-Polydipsia noma ukoma ngokweqile
I-Polydipsia noma ukoma ngokweqile kungabangelwa ngenxa yesifo sikashukela insipidus ezinganeni. Kulolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kunokungalingani koketshezi emzimbeni okubangela ukoma ngokweqile, noma ngabe uphuze kakhulu. [1]
2. I-Polyuria noma ukuchama kaningi
I-Polyuria ivame ukulandelwa yi-polydipsia. Lapho umzimba ushukela uphahla, izinso zikhonjiswa ukususa i-glucose eyengeziwe emzimbeni ngokuchama. Lokhu kubangela i-polyuria, yona, ebangela isidingo esedlulele sokuphuza amanzi noma i-polydipsia.
3. Indlala Eyedlulele / Eqisayo
Uma ubona ukuthi ingane yakho ilambile ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngisho nokudla ngokweqile akukwazi ukukufeza, thintana nodokotela wezokwelapha ngoba kungaba uphawu lwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-glucose ukuthola amandla, futhi lokhu kushoda kwamandla kubangela indlala enkulu. [okubili]
4. Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki
Esinye isibonakaliso sesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ukulahleka kwesisindo okungaqondakali. Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukwehlisa isisindo esiningi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, lapho ukuguqulwa kweglucose kuya emandleni kuvinjelwe ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okuphansi kwe-insulin, umzimba uqala ukushisa imisipha kanye namafutha agciniwe wamandla, kubangele ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki. [3]
5.Uphefumula onuka kamnandi
Ukuphefumula okunuka kamnandi kungenxa yesifo sikashukela ketoacidosis (DKA), isimo esivele ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Kungaba yisifo sikashukela esibulalayo ezinganeni. Lapha, uma ingekho i-glucose, umzimba uqala ukushisa amafutha ukuze uthole amandla, futhi inqubo ikhiqiza amaketoni (ama-acid egazi). Iphunga elijwayelekile lamaketoni lingabonakala ngephunga elifana nezithelo ekuphefumuleni. [4]
6. Izinkinga zokuziphatha
Ngokocwaningo, izinkinga zokuziphatha ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela zikhulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezingane ezingezona ezesifo sikashukela. Cishe izingane ezingama-20 kwezingama-80 ezinesifo sikashukela zikhombisa ukungaziphathi njengokuphula ukudla, intukuthelo enkulu, ukungenisa noma ukumelana nesiyalo negunya. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizinto eziningana ezifana nokubekezelela lesi sifo, ukuqina okuqinile ekhaya, ukunaka okwengeziwe ingane yakini evamile ngabazali noma umuzwa wokuthi 'wehlukile' phakathi kwabanye. Zonke lezi zinto zingaholela ekushintsheni kwemizwa, ukukhathazeka nokudangala. [5]
7. Ukwenza mnyama kwesikhumba
Ama-Acanthosis nigricans (AN) noma ukumnyama kwesikhumba kuvame ukuxhumaniswa nesifo sikashukela. Ezinganeni nasebusheni, indawo ejwayelekile ye-AN yintamo engemuva. Ukuqina nokumnyama kwamafolda esikhumba ikakhulu kubangelwa i-hyperinsulinemia ebangelwe ukumelana ne-insulin. [6]
8. Ukhathele njalo
Ukukhathala noma umuzwa wokukhathala ngaso sonke isikhathi kungabonakala kalula ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela. Uhlobo lwengane 1 yesifo sikashukela alunayo i-insulin eyanele yokuguqula i-glucose ibe amandla. Ukuntuleka kwamandla ngaleyo ndlela, kubenza bakhathele kalula noma ngemuva kokuvivinya umzimba okuncane. [7]
Izinkinga zombono
Ukwanda kwesifo se-ocular ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela kuqhathaniswa kakhulu nokujwayelekile. Ushukela ophakeme wegazi ulimaza izinzwa zamehlo futhi ubangele izinkinga zamehlo ezifana nokungaboni kahle noma ukungaboni ngokuphelele, uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa ngemuva kokutholakala kwaso. Lesi sifo sikashukela ezinganeni asinakwa izikhathi eziningi. [8]
10. Ukutheleleka ngemvubelo
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukutheleleka ngemvubelo kuphakeme ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ikakhulukazi emantombazaneni aphethwe yilesi sifo. IGut microbiota yinto ebalulekile evimbela ukuvela kwezifo ezizimele njengesifo sikashukela. Lapho i-glucose ephezulu yomzimba iphazamisa i-microbiota, ukukhula kwamagciwane kuyathonywa, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwawo okwandayo okufaka isandla ekuthelelweni imvubelo. [9]
11. Ukwehlisa ukulashwa kwesilonda
Ushukela wegazi ophakeme emzimbeni uphazamisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba, yandisa ukuvuvukala, ivimbele ukuguqulwa kweglucose ibe namandla futhi iholele ekwehliseni ukunikezwa kwegazi ezingxenyeni zomzimba. Zonke lezi zinto zibangela ukubambezeleka kokulashwa kwezilonda ezinganeni, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
1. Ingane ithola kanjani isifo sikashukela?
Imbangela ngqo yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ayaziwa kepha izinto ezifana nomlando womndeni, ukutholakala kokutheleleka kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuzilimaza komzimba kungaba imbangela yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni.
2. Yiziphi izimpawu ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela esingatholakali?
Izimpawu ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela esingatholakali zifaka i-polydipsia noma ukoma ngokweqile, i-polyuria noma ukuchama ngokweqile nokulamba kakhulu.
3. Ngabe ingane ingaba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2?
Yize isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithathwa njengesifo sikashukela esivela kubantu abadala, singathinta nezingane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhuluphele ngokweqile noma ezikhuluphele.
Sneha KrishnanImithi EjwayelekileMBBS Yazi kabanzi
