Ukungondleki ezinganeni nakubantu abadala: Izimbangela, Imiphumela Nokuvimbela

Amagama Amahle Kakhulu Ezingane

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Ngokwedatha eyenziwe yi-The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), iPublic Health Foundation of India (PHFI) kanye neNational Institute of Nutrition (NIN) Nutrition, ngo-2017, ukungondleki kwakuyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ku sonke isimo saseNdiya. Ibalelwa ku-68.2% wokufa okuphelele ezinganeni. Izinga lokufa lenyuke kakhulu laya ku-706,000.

INingizimu ne-Asia inenkinga enkulu yokungondleki kahle kwezingane, ngokusho kweGlobal Hunger Index. Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-795 abondlekile, iningi labo elise-Afrika nase-Asia.

Imininingwane yeBhange Lomhlaba ikhombisa ukuthi i-India inesinye sezibalo eziphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni zezingane ezinenkinga yokungondleki. E-India ngo-2017, ukwanda kwesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kwakungu-21.4%, ingane engaphansi kwesisindo yayiku-32.7%, ukumoshiswa kwengane kwakungu-15.7%, ukuqina kwengane kwakungu-39.3%, izingane ezikhuluphele kakhulu kwaba ngu-11.5%, i-anemia ezinganeni yayingu-59.7% , kanye nokushoda kwegazi kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-15-49 kwakungu-54.4%.

Amazwe aseNdiya lapho kudla khona ukungondleki kudlangile yiRajasthan, iBihar, i-Assam ne-Uttar Pradesh.

Kuyini Ukungondleki? ^[1]

Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), ukungondleki kusho ukuthi kunokushoda noma ukungalingani ekudleni komuntu izakhamzimba. Imboza amaqembu amabili abanzi ezimo - ukungondleki okubandakanya ukusaphaza, ukuqeda, ukukhuluphala kanye nokushoda kwamakhemikhali. Owesibili owokungondleki ngokweqile lapho kunokugcwala ngokweqile kwezakhi zomzimba okungaholela ekutheni ukhuluphale ngokweqile, ubuthi bamavithamini, njll.

Izimbangela Zokungondleki ^[okubili]

• Izimo zesikhathi eside ezibanga ukuntula ukudla
• Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla
• Khulisa isidingo somzimba samandla
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo ezifana ne-schizophrenia noma ukucindezeleka okuthinta imizwa yakho nesifiso sokudla
• Izimo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis ziphazamisa amandla omzimba wokugaya ukudla noma ukumunca izakhamzimba
• Enye imbangela yokungondleki kungaba i-anorexia, inkinga yokudla
• Izinkinga zomphakathi nezokuhamba
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile
• Ukuncelisa ibele.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zokungondleki

• Ukuphelelwa yintshisekelo kokudla noma iziphuzo
• Ukuthukuthela nokukhathala
• Ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo
• Ukuzizwa ubanda ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Ukulahleka kwezicubu zomzimba, imisipha, nokulahleka kwamafutha
• Isikhathi eside sokupholisa amanxeba
• Ingozi ephezulu yokugula nokuthatha isikhathi sokululama.

Izingane zikhombisa ukungakhuli futhi ziyakhathala futhi zicasuke. Ukuthuthuka kokuziphatha nokobuhlakani nakho kuhamba kancane, mhlawumbe kuholele ezinkingeni zokufunda. Futhi lapho abantu abadala benenkinga yokungondleki okukhulu, bayalulama ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa.

Izinhlobo Zokungondleki

1. Ukwehluleka kokukhula kokungondleki - Ukwehluleka komuntu ukukhula njengokulindelekile kusisindo nokuphakama kuye ngeminyaka yakhe nobulili ^[3] .

2. Ukungondleki kahle noma ukumosha - Kwenzeka ngokungazelelwe, okukhulu kwesisindo. Lokhu kuholela ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zemitholampilo yokungondleki kahle, i-kwashiorkor, ne-marasmic-kwashiorkor ^[4] .

3. Ukungondleki okungapheli noma ukuqeda amandla - Lolu hlobo lokungondleki luqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngenxa yempilo yomama engeyinhle futhi luholela ekukhuleni kwengane.

4. Ukungondleki kahle - Lokhu kubhekisa ekushodweni okulingene kuya kokulingene kukavithamini A, uvithamini B, uvithamini C, uvithamini D, calcium, iodine, folate, iron, zinc ne selenium. ^[5] .

Yini Imiphumela Yokungondleki Ezinganeni? ^[6]

• Amazinyo abolayo
• Ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba
• Izinsini ezivuvukile nezophayo
• Isikhumba esomile nesine-scaly
• Ukhuluphele
• Unenkinga yokugxila nokunaka
• Isisu esiqhakazile
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukukhula okubi
• Ukuphela kwamandla
• I-osteoporosis
• Ukuhluleka kokusebenza komzimba
• Izinkinga zokufunda

Yini Ebangela Ukungondleki Ezinganeni? ^[7]

Izifo ezibanga ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwamathumbu njengesifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu nesifo se-celiac ezinganeni kungaholela ekungondlekeni. Ukutheleleka kwezikelemu emathunjini ezinganeni nakho kudala ukungondleki ezinganeni.

Ungaziphatha Kanjani Izingane Ezingondlekile? ^[8]

Imiphumela emibi eminingi yokungondleki ingashintshwa kuphela uma ingane ingondlekile kahle. Uma ubona ukuthi ingane yakho iya iba buthakathaka, lapho-ke ishoda ngezakhamzimba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ongahlola umzimba futhi ozokubuza ngezinhlobo nenani lokudla okudliwa ingane yakho. Udokotela uzolinganisa ukuphakama, isisindo somzimba nengqikithi yomzimba wengane yakho (BMI), ahlole noma iziphi izimo ezingadala ukungondleki, ahlele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka ukuswela ukondleka komzimba.

Ukwelashwa kokungondleki ngokuphelele kuya ngesizathu. Isazi sokudla singancoma ushintsho oluthile enanini lokudla futhi sincoma izithako zokudla ezinjengamavithamini namaminerali. Hhayi izingane kuphela, kepha nabantu abadala asebekhulile nabo babonakala benokungondleki.

Uyini Umphumela Wokungondleki Kubantu Abadala Abadala?

Abantu abadala asebekhulile abanenkinga yokungondleki bangaba nezinkinga eziningi zempilo njengokuncipha kwesisindo ngokungahlosiwe, ukuphelelwa amandla nobuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhathala nokukhathala, ukudana, i-anemia, ukudangala, izinkinga zememori kanye namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga zezempilo, abantu abadala abangondlekile bavakashela odokotela babo kaningi. Abakwazi ukululama ekuhlinzweni noma kwezinye izinqubo ngokushesha njengabantu abadala abanempilo abondlekile.

Yini Ebangela Ukungondleki Kubantu Abadala Abadala? ^[9]

Izinto eziningana zingadala ukungondleki kubantu abadala okubandakanya:

Izinkinga zempilo - Ukuba nezinkinga zempilo njengokuwohloka komqondo nezinye izifo ezingalapheki kuholela ekulahlekelweni isifiso sokudla. Bangabekwa ekudleni okunomkhawulo futhi.

Imithi - Kunemithi ethile enganciphisa isifiso sakho sokudla noma ithinte ukunambitheka nephunga lokudla okungenza kube nzima ukudla.

Ukukhubazeka - Abantu abadala asebekhulile abaphila nokuwohloka komqondo noma abakhubazekile ngokomzimba futhi abahlala bodwa bangase bangakwazi ukuziphekela.

Utshwala - Inciphisa isifiso sokudla futhi iphazamise inqubo yemvelo yomzimba yokuthola izakhamzimba. Iphazamisa inqubo yokudla okunomsoco ngokuthinta ukugcinwa kokudla, ukugaywa, ukusetshenziswa nokukhishwa kwezakhamzimba.

Ungayelapha Kanjani Ukungondleki Kubantu Abadala Abadala? ^[10]

• Kubalulekile ukucela ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga zokudla ngesikhathi sokuvakashelwa odokotela abajwayelekile futhi ubuze ngezidingo zokudla okunempilo ezikufanela kangcono.
• Ukudla okugcwele izakhamzimba kufanele kudliwe. Yidla kakhulu njengamantongomane nembewu, i-curd, izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, ama-nut butter, ubisi lonke njll. Ungangeza amaqanda amhlophe angaphezulu kuma-omelette bese ufaka ushizi kumasobho akho, ama-noodle namasangweji ukukhulisa inani lokudla okunempilo.
• Ukudla okunomkhawulo kungenziwa kukhange kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ijusi kalamula, izinongo namakhambi.
• Ziphuze ngokudla okulula okunempilo njengocezu lwesithelo noma ushizi, isipuni sikabhotela wamantongomane noma isithelo se-smoothie esizonikeza umzimba wakho inani elanele lezakhamzimba namakhalori.
• Zama ukwenza ukuzivocavoca okulingene kuze kube lula nsuku zonke, kuzosiza ukukhuthaza isifiso sokudla, kuqinise amathambo nemisipha.

Ubani Osemathubeni Aphakeme Okungondleki?

• Asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abasesibhedlela.
• Abantu abahola kancane noma labo abahlukanisiwe nomphakathi.
• Abantu abanezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezingalapheki, ngokwesibonelo, ukuphazamiseka kokudla njenge-anorexia nervosa ne-bulimia.
• Abantu abalulama ekuguleni noma esimeni esibi, ikakhulukazi lezo zimo ezithinta amandla abo okudla.

Ungakuthola Kanjani Ukungondleki?

Ukuthola ukungondleki, kufanele uqaphele imikhuba yokudla kothandekayo wakho, qaphela ukwehla kwesisindo okungaqondakali, uhlole amanxeba athatha isikhathi ukuphola, izinkinga zamazinyo futhi ugcine ithebhu emithini ethinta isifiso sokudla.

Izindlela Zokuvimbela Ukungondleki

1. Khetha ukudla okunempilo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuthaza abantu obathandayo ukuthi bakhethe ukudla okunempilo. Okokuqala, qala ngokuthola ulwazi lwakho lokudla okunomuntu siqu ngokuya ngobulili bakho, ubudala, ubude, isisindo kanye nezinga lomsebenzi womzimba. Jabulela ukudla kwakho ngenkathi udla, gcwalisa uhhafu wepuleti lakho ngamawolintshi, izithelo nemifino enemibala ebomvu, nsundu nensundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani.

2. Ukudla okulula okunempilo

Isinongo ezintweni zokudla okunempilo ukuthola umthamo omuhle wezakhamzimba ezengeziwe nama-calories phakathi kokudla. Ukudla okulula okunempilo kuzothuthukisa impilo yakho yonke, kukhulise amandla obuchopho, kulawule imizwa, futhi kunikeze umzimba wakho inani elanele lamandla.

3. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Njengoba ukungondleki kubangela ukulahleka kwesisindo okukhulu, ukuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kungasiza ekulawuleni isisindo, ukulwa nezimo zezempilo nezifo, ukuthuthukisa imizwa nokukhulisa amandla.

4. Faka izithasiselo ekudleni kwakho

Umuntu onokungondleki angazuza ku-supplement supplement noma ezinye izithako zokudla okunempilo.

Yabelana ngale ndatshana!

1. [1]UYadav, S. S., Yadav, S. T., Mishra, P., Mittal, A., Kumar, R., & Singh, J. (2016). Isifundo se-Epidemiological of ukungondleki kahle Phakathi Kwezingane Ezingaphansi Kwesihlanu Zasezindaweni Zasemakhaya Nezisemadolobheni i-Haryana.I-Journal yocwaningo lwezokwelapha nokuxilonga: JCDR, 10 (2), LC07-LC10.
2. [okubili]UMotedayen, M., Dousti, M., Sayehmiri, F., & Pourmahmoudi, A. A. (2019). Uphenyo Lokwanda kanye Nezimbangela Zokungondleki kahle e-Iran: Isihloko Sokubukeza kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta.Ucwaningo lwezempilo lokudla okunempilo, 8 (2), 101-118.
3. [3]Scholl, T. O., Johnston, F. E., Cravioto, J., DeLicardie, E. R., & Lurie, D. S. (1979). Ubudlelwano bokuhluleka ukukhula (ukungondleki okungapheli) nokwanda kokungondleki kahle kwamandla emtholampilo nasekukhuleni kokuncipha kokudla okungondleki kahle kwamaprotheni.Iphephabhuku laseMelika lokondleka komtholampilo, 32 (4), 872-878.
4. [4]UBhadoria, A. S., Kapil, U., Bansal, R., Pandey, R. M., Pant, B., & Mohan, A. (2017). Ukudlanga kokungondleki okukhulu kanye nezici ezihlobene nokuhlalisana kwabantu phakathi kwezingane ezineminyaka eyi-6 izinyanga-5 iminyaka kubantu basemaphandleni eNyakatho India: Ucwaningo olususelwa kubantu.I-Journal yemithi yomndeni nokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, 6 (2), 380-385.
5. [5]IGonmei, Z., & Toteja, G. S. (2018). Isimo seMicronutrient sabantu baseNdiya.Iphephabhuku laseNdiya locwaningo lwezokwelapha, 148 (5), 511-521.
6. [6]UGaayeb, L., Sarr, J. B., Cames, C., Pinçon, C., Hanon, J. B., Ndiath, M. O.,… uHermann, E. (2014). Imiphumela yokungondleki ekuvikeleni kwezingane kuma-antigen wegciwane eNyakatho yeSenegal.Umagazini waseMelika wezokwelapha ezishisayo nenhlanzeko, 90 (3), 566-573.
7. [7]USahu, S. K., Kumar, S. G., Bhat, B. V., Premarajan, K. C., Sarkar, S., Roy, G., & Joseph, N. (2015). Ukungondleki kahle kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu eNdiya kanye namasu okulawula.I-Journal yesayensi yemvelo, i-biology, kanye nemithi, i-6 (1), 18-23.
8. [8]AbakwaLenters, L., Wazny, K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016). Ukuphathwa kokungondleki okunamandla futhi okulinganiselayo ezinganeni Ezokuzala, Ezomama, Ezisanda Kuzalwa, Nezempilo Yezingane, 205.
9. [9]UHickson M. (2006). Ukungondleki kanye nokuguga.Iphephabhuku lezokwelapha le-postgraduate, 82 (963), 2-8.
10. [10]I-Wells, J. L., & Dumbrell, A. C. (2006). Ukudla okunomsoco nokuguga: ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwesimo sokudla okunomsoco ezigulini esezikhulile ezibuthakathaka.Ukungenelela kwemitholampilo ekugugeni, 1 (1), 67-79.

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