Isifo Sesibindi Esidakayo: Izimbangela, Izigaba, Izimpawu, Izici Zengozi, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

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Iziphuzo ezidakayo ziphuzwa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Emhlabeni jikelele, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuphakeme emadodeni kunabesifazane [1] . Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kunomthelela omubi emzimbeni- kwandisa ubungozi besifo sesibindi [okubili] . Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngezimbangela, izimpawu nokwelashwa kwezifo zesibindi sotshwala.

Yini Ebangela Izifo Zesibindi Sotshwala?

Isifo sesibindi sokuphuza utshwala (ALD) kungumonakalo wesibindi obangelwa ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. Kungenzeka eminyakeni eminingi yokuphuza ngokweqile futhi isikhathi esengeziwe kungadala isibindi ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala, kubangele isifo sokusha kwesibindi noma isifo esingalapheki sesibindi (i-steatosis, i-steatohepatitis, i-fibrosis ne-cirrhosis) [3] . Amathuba okuthola isifo sesibindi sokuphuza utshwala ayanda uma ngabe uphuza utshwala isikhathi eside.

Isibindi singakubekezelela ukuphuza kancane utshwala, kepha lapho ukusetshenziswa kukhuphuka kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza kwesibindi. Esigabeni sokuqala, amanoni aqoqana kumaseli wesibindi, abizwa ngokuthi yisifo esinamafutha esibindi noma i-steatosis. Uma ukuphuza utshwala kunganqamuki kulesi sigaba, kungaholela e-hepatitis yotshwala. Futhi ngokuqhubeka nokuphuza utshwala, isifo sesibindi sokuphuza utshwala singathuthuka kancane kancane sibe yi-cirrhosis yotshwala, okuyisigaba esithuthukile sesifo sesibindi sotshwala [4] .

Izigaba Zezifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha otshwala (steatosis) - Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, cishe amaphesenti angama-20 ezidakwa nabaphuza kakhulu baba nesifo esinamafutha sesibindi. Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha otshwala senzeka lapho kunokwanda okwengeziwe kwamafutha esibindi ngenxa yokusebenzisa utshwala obuningi. Azikho izimpawu ezisobala zesibindi esinamafutha, kepha isibindi siyakhuliswa ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamafutha.

• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esidakayo - Kulesi sigaba, kunokuvuvukala kwamaseli wesibindi futhi uma uba nalesi simo, kufanele uyeke ukuphuza utshwala. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokusha kwesibindi kohlobo oludakayo ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, umkhuhlane kanye ne-jaundice. Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, uma ukuphuza ngokweqile kuqhubeka, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 amacala wesifo sokusha kwesibindi ayokhula abe yi-cirrhosis yesibindi.

• I-cirrhosis yotshwala - Yisigaba esithuthukile sesifo sesibindi sotshwala. Kulesi sigaba, izicubu ezinempilo zesibindi zithathelwa indawo izicubu ezibomvu, kuphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi ngesibindi nokuvimbela isibindi ukuthi sisebenze kahle. Izimpawu zesibindi sokudakwa ngokweqile zifaka phakathi ububomvu ezintendeni zezandla obangelwa ukunwebeka kwe-capillary, ukunciphisa imisipha yomunwe, izipikili ezimhlophe, ukukhuliswa kwesibindi njll. Amaphesenti ayi-10 kuya kwayi-15 abantu abanotshwala bazobamba ukuqina kwesibindi, ngokweNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse kanye notshwala

Izimpawu Zezifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza

• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka

• Ukungadli kahle nokuncipha

• Ubuhlungu besisu

• Imfiva

• I-jaundice

• Isikhumba esilumayo

• Ukuquleka

• I-Edema

• Ukoma okwandisiwe

• Izitulo ezimnyama

• Izandla noma izinyawo ezibomvu

• Ukwenza mnyama noma ukukhanyisa kwesikhumba

• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo

• Ukudideka

• Izinguquko kuphethini yokulala

• ukulimaza okulula

Izici Zengozi Yezifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

• Umlando womndeni [6]

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile [7]

• Ukukhuluphala nokudla okunamafutha amaningi [8]

Izinkinga Zezifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

• Izinkinga zokopha

• Umdlavuza wesibindi

• Ukwehluleka kwezinso

• Ukwakhela uketshezi esiswini

• Imithambo enwetshiwe endaweni yomlomo, esiswini noma emathunjini ephuma igazi.

• Ukucindezela ngokweqile emithanjeni yegazi yesibindi.

• Ukudideka kwengqondo

Ukuxilongwa Kwezifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

Udokotela uzoqala ahlole ngokomzimba bese ebheka ubomvu ezintendeni zezandla, isisu esivuvukile, izicubu zebele ezeqile namehlo aphuzi. Ngemuva kwalokho udokotela uzocela ezinye izivivinyo ukuthi zenziwe lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokubalwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, ukuhlolwa kwesibindi, i-endoscopy kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging.

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

• Ukuphuza utshwala - Ukuze uhlehlise izigaba zokuqala zesifo sesibindi sotshwala, kufanele uyeke ukuphuza utshwala, lokhu kwaziwa njengokuyeka. Uma unesifo esinamafutha sesibindi, isimo singaguqulwa uma uyeka utshwala okungenani amasonto amabili. Uma ungeke uyeke ukuphuza uwedwa, vakashela izinhlelo zokuvuselela utshwala.

• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila - Kufanele udle ukudla okunempilo okungenawo usawoti, uyeke ukuphuza utshwala, uyeke ukubhema, ugcine isisindo esinempilo futhi uthathe izithako zokudla okunomsoco.

• Imithi - I-Corticosteroids efana ne-prednisolone isetshenziselwe ukwelapha isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo olulinganiselayo.

• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi - Iziguli ezinesifo sesibindi sokugcina zidinga ukufakelwa isibindi ngoba isibindi siphelelwa amandla okusebenza kahle. Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kubhekwa kuphela lapho abantu abanezifo zesibindi esinotshwala sebeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza izinyanga eziyisithupha [9] .

Ukuvimbela Izifo Zesibindi Sotshwala

• Phuza utshwala ngamanani alinganiselayo. Phuza isiphuzo esisodwa noma ezimbili ngosuku.

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

U. Ingabe isifo sesibindi sotshwala siyabuyiselwa emuva?

TO. Ezigabeni zokuqala, isifo sesibindi sotshwala singaguqulwa futhi kufanele uyeke ukuphuza amasonto amabili ukuze uvumele isibindi sakho sisebenze ngokujwayelekile.

U. Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani unesifo sesibindi sotshwala?

TO. Abantu abayeka ukuphuza ngokuphelele bathambekele ekubeni baphile isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangayeki ukuphuza. Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwabantu abanesifo sokuqina kwesibindi abayeke ukuphuza cishe singamaphesenti angama-90 uma siqhathaniswa nabantu abangayeki ukuphuza okungamaphesenti angama-70.

U. Ingabe amanzi okuphuza ayasisiza isibindi sakho?

TO. Amanzi okuphuza asiza ekukhipheni ubuthi esibindini. Lokhu kuzosiza isibindi ukuthi sizikhiphe emzimbeni.

U. Isibindi singazilungisa ngemuva kweminyaka siphuzile?

TO. Yebo, uma uyeka ukuphuza ngokuphelele isibindi sizoqala ukusebenza kahle.

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Ngithumele Nge-Imeyili Khombisa Esizeni