Ukubona kusengaphambili (Hyperopia): Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelapha

Amagama Amahle Kakhulu Ezingane

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Ukubona kude, okubizwa nangokuthi i-hyperopia, kuyisimo sokubona lapho ungabona khona izinto ezikude ngokucacile, kepha izinto eziseduze zifiphele. Isimo singaba khona lapho kuzalwa futhi sithambekele ekusebenzeni emindenini.

Yini Ebangela Ihyperopia? ^[1]

I-cornea nelensi, zombili izingxenye zeso zisebenza ndawonye ukugoba noma ukuphinda ukhanye, ukukhanya okungenayo. I-cornea ingumbuso ocacile ongaphambili weso futhi ilensi isakhiwo ngaphakathi kweso esingashintsha isimo saso (ngosizo lwemisipha enamathele kuso) sikuvumela ukuba ugxile ezintweni.

Umthombo: izikhungo zesiliva

I-cornea nelensi kugxila ekukhanyeni okungena kwi-retina yakho futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ubone isithombe esigxile ngokuphelele. Kepha, uma ukwakheka kwe-cornea kuyisicaba noma uma inhlamvu yeso lakho lifushane kunokujwayelekile, iso lakho alikwazi ukugxila kahle ezintweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-cornea yakho ayikwazi ukukhanyisa ukukhanya kahle, ngakho-ke iphuzu lokugxila liwela ngemuva kwe-retina, okwenza izinto ezisondele kakhulu zifiphale.

Izimpawu Ze-Hyperopia

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Umbono ofiphele
• Isibuko samehlo
• Ukukhathala
• Eqhweba ukubona kahle
• Ukushisa noma ukuzwa okubuhlungu nxazonke noma emehlweni.
• Izinkinga Ze-Hyperopia
• Ithinta ikhwalithi yempilo yakho
• Ukuqwayiza noma ukucindezela kwamehlo
• Amehlo awele
• Ukuphepha kwakho kungaba sengcupheni
• Umthwalo wezezimali

Isikhathi Sokubona Udokotela

Uma ungaboni kahle futhi nekhwalithi yakho yokubona inciphile, thintana nodokotela wezifo zamehlo. I-American Academy of Ophthalmology incoma izivivinyo zamehlo ezivamile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.

Izingane nentsha ^[okubili]

Lapho nje izingane seziqede iminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, kufanele zihlolwe iso lazo lokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele bahlolwe ngokuphelele eminyakeni emithathu. Futhi, izingane kufanele zihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emibili phakathi neminyaka yokufunda kwazo.

Abantu abadala ^[3]

Uma usengozini eyandayo yezifo zamehlo njenge-glaucoma, thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kusuka eminyakeni engama-40, njalo eminyakeni engu-2-4 ephakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-54, njalo eminyakeni engu-1-3 ephakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nengama-64, nayo yonke Iminyaka engu-1-2 lapho uneminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Ukuxilongwa Kwe-Hyperopia

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuyisisekelo kuyenziwa futhi kuya ngemiphumela, kuzonconywa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, lapho udokotela ebeka khona amaconsi emehlweni akho ukwenza abafundi bakho banabe. Ivumela udokotela ukuthi abone ngemuva kweso lakho ngokucacile.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Hyperopia

Ama-lens kadokotela

Ngokuya ngobukhulu bokubona kude, uzodinga amalensi kadokotela ukuze uthuthukise umbono wakho oseduze. Kuzosiza ukulwa nokugoba okunciphile kwe-cornea yakho.

Izinhlobo zamalensi kadokotela afaka izibuko zamehlo namalensi wokuxhumana. Izibuko zamehlo ziza ngokuhlukahluka okubandakanya ama-bifocals, umbono owodwa, ama-trifocals nama-multifocals aqhubekayo.

Ama-lens wokuxhumana nawo atholakala ezinhlotsheni nasezintweni ezahlukahlukene. Njalo thintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokugqoka amalensi oxhumana naye.

Ukuhlinzwa okukhayo ^[4]

• I-Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) - Udokotela ohlinzayo wamehlo uzokwenza ichopho elincanyana, elinamahinji ku-cornea yakho, ngemuva kwalokho i-laser isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amajika e-cornea. Inqubo yokutakula yalokhu kuhlinzwa iyashesha futhi ibangela ukungakhululeki okuncane.

• I-Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) - Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-ultra-thin flap ekhaveni engaphandle evikela i-cornea (epithelium) abese esebenzisa i-laser ukubumba kabusha izingqimba zangaphandle ze-cornea, ngaleyo ndlela ashintshe ijika layo abese efaka i-epithelium.

• I-keratectomy ebonakalayo (PRK) - Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ikhava engaphandle evikela i-cornea (i-epithelium) ngokuphelele bese esebenzisa i-laser ukubumba kabusha i-cornea. I-epithelium bese ikhula ibuyele emuva ngokwemvelo ngokwendlela entsha ye-cornea yakho.

Ukuvimbela i-Hyperopia

• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo noma kwaminyaka yonke kwenziwe.

• Nciphisa ubunzima bamehlo akho ngokubheka kude kwikhompyutha yakho njalo ngemizuzu engama-20 imizuzwana engama-20 cishe ngamamitha angu-20 ukusuka lapho.

• Sebenzisa ukukhanyisa okuhle ngenkathi ufunda incwadi.

• Gwema ukubhema njengoba kulimaza impilo yakho yeso.

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezivimba imisebe ye-UV.

• Gqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela ngenkathi udlala imidlalo, upenda noma usebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhipha intuthu enobuthi.

• Yidla ukudla okukhuthaza impilo yamehlo .

• Uma uphethwe yisifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, zigcine zilawulwa ngoba zingathinta umbono wakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Hyperopia

Q. Ingabe ukubona kude kuyathuthuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka?

A. Izingane ezine-hyperopia emnene ukuya kokulingene zingabona zombili izinto eziseduze nezikude ngaphandle kwenkinga ngoba imisipha namalensi asemehlweni angancinza kahle futhi ne-hyperopia ingathuthukiswa.

U. Ingabe umbono wakho uzoba mubi uma ungazifaki izibuko ngaso sonke isikhathi?

A. Kunikelwa izibuko zamehlo ukuze wenze ubone kangcono futhi wehlise neso lengqondo elingadala ubuhlungu beso, ikhanda kanye nokukhathala.

U. Ingabe i-hyperopia iba yimbi ngokukhula?

A. Njengoba ukhula, umbono wakho uba mubi. Lapho uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, amehlo akho ngokwemvelo aqala ukulahlekelwa amandla okugxila ezintweni eziseduze, ezibizwa nge- presbyopia. Uma i-presbyopia iba yimbi kakhulu, umbono oseduze nowakude uzofiphala.

U. Usihlukanisa kanjani isiguli se-hyperopia (esibona kude) ne-presbyopia (ejwayelekile, inkinga ehlobene nobudala ngombono oseduze) njengoba befika nezimpawu zabo?

A. Zombili lezi zimo zamehlo zinezimpawu ezifanayo zokwehla eduze kokubona. Uma ukuhlolwa kwamehlo akho kungakhombisi ukulungiswa futhi ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ube ne-presbyopia, isimo lapho ilensi yamehlo ilahlekelwa ukuhamba kwayo okubangela ukuncipha eduze kokubona.

Futhi abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 abangakwazi ukubona izinto eziseduze bahlushwa yi-hyperopia, okuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okukhombisa iphutha le-hyperopic refractive.

1. [1]UCastagno, V. D., Fassa, A. G., Carret, M. L., Vilela, M. A., & Meucci, R. D. (2014). I-Hyperopia: ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kokutholakala kwesifo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezinto ezihambisanayo phakathi kwezingane ezinesikole. I-BMC ophthalmology, 14, 163.
2. [okubili]Borchert, MS, Varma, R., Cotter, SA, Tarczy-Hornoch, K., McKean-Cowdin, R., Lin, JH,… Izifundo Zezifo Zamehlo Zabantwana Abaningi kanye neBaltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups (2011) . Izici ezinobungozi be-hyperopia ne-myopia ezinganeni zasenkulisa isifo sezifo zezingane ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nezifundo zezifo zamehlo zeBaltimore.Ophthalmology, 118 (10), 1966-1973.
3. [3]Iribarren, R., Hashemi, H., Khabazkhoob, M., Morgan, I. G., Emamian, M. H., Shariati, M., & Fotouhi, A. (2015). Amandla weHyperopia kanye neLens endaweni yabantu abadala: The Shahroud Eye Study.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research, 10 (4), 400-407.
4. [4]UWilson, S. E. (2004). Ukusetshenziswa kwama-lasers ekulungisweni kombono wokubona eduze nokubona kude. I-New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (5), 470-475.

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