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Uma uzama ukukhulelwa isikhashana manje ngaphandle kwempumelelo, ungaqondiswa udokotela wakho ukuthi acabangele izindlela zokwelashwa. Izidakamizwa zokuzala ziyisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni izinkinga zokuzala futhi ziyatholakala kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa.
Lo mbhalo uzokhuluma Ngezidakamizwa Zokuzala Kwabesifazane, izinhlobo ezitholakala eNdiya, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona yale mithi yokuzala.
Izidakamizwa Zokuzala Kwabesifazane: Kusebenza Kanjani?
Izidakamizwa zokuzala zisebenza ngokwandisa ama-hormone athile asiza ukuvuthwa futhi akhiphe iqanda elilodwa noma amaningi inyanga ngayinye. Uma ugcoba ngokweqile noma ngokungajwayelekile, izidakamizwa zokuzala zingakusiza ukhulelwe [1] .
Eminye yemithi yokuzala inikezwa ngomlomo. Ngasikhathi sinye, eminye iyajovwa futhi isebenze ngendlela efanayo ngokukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwamahomoni nawo, aqala inqubo ye-ovulation. Izidakamizwa zokuzala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kokukhulelwa okusizwayo, njenge-IVF [okubili] .
Uma owesifazane engakwazi ukukhulelwa noma aqhubeke nokuphuphunyelwa yizisu ngemuva kokuzama ukukhulelwa izinyanga eziyi-12 noma ngaphezulu, anganconywa ukwelashwa ngokuzala. Kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35, odokotela abaningi bancoma ukuthi bafune ukwelashwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha bezama ukukhulelwa.
Izinhlobo Zezidakamizwa Zokuzala Kwabesifazane
Izinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokuzala yabesifazane ziyatholakala namuhla. Kubalulekile kuphela thatha imishanguzo yokuzala ngaphansi kweso lochwepheshe wezenzalo noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngoba, ngenkathi iningi lemithi yokuzala liphephile futhi lisebenza kahle, eminye ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi [3] .
Izidakamizwa ezithandwa kakhulu ngabesifazane (eNdiya) zimi kanje:
- Ama-citrate we-Clomiphene afana ne-Clomid neSerophene
- Ama-gonadotrophin afana ne-Antagon, Pergonal, Repronex neMenopur
- Ama-agonists e-Dopamine afana neBromocriptine neCabergoline
- Izidakamizwa zeHeparin ezifana neHep-Lock noma iLiquamin
- Metformin hydrochloride
- I-Follistim noma i-Gonal-F
- Pregnyl
- UProfasi
- Novarel
(1) Clomiphene citrate (Clomid noSerophene) : Lezi zinhlobo zemithi yokuzala zisebenza ngokwenza umzimba wakho 'ukholwe' ukuthi amazinga e-estrogen aphansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvusa i-FSH noma i-follicle-stimulating hormone ne-LH noma i-hormone ye-luteinizing - edingekayo ekukhulelweni ngempumelelo [4] . Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo kufaka phakathi isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo, ukucasuka, umuzwa wesisa emabeleni, ukushisa okushisayo, nokoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kwezinye izimo, kungadala ukukhulelwa okuningi, njengamawele (amaphesenti ama-4-10) namathathu (iphesenti elilodwa).
(2) Ama-gonadotrophin (i-Antagon, i-Pergonal, i-Repronex neMenopur) : Lezi zinhlobo zemithi yokuzala ziyajovwa futhi zithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni e-LH ne-FSH. Ama-Gonadotrophins anqunyelwe abesifazane abane-ovulation okufanele ilawulwe ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kanye namacala we-chemotherapy (njengoba ivala indlala ye-pituitary, imisa i-ovulation). Okuvamile okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukuqwasha, ukushisa okushisayo nokoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane [5] .
(3) Ama-agonists eDopamine : Lokhu kunconyelwa abesifazane abane-hormone eningi kakhulu ye-prolactin, eyehlisa amazinga e-hormone estrogen, okwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa [6] . Lapho isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokukhulelwa okusizwayo, njenge-IVF, ama-dopamine agonists nawo anganciphisa ubungozi be-ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (kubangela ukuthi ama-ovari avuvukale) [7] . Okuvamile okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo kufaka ukudideka, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ukulala ngokweqile, isimilo sokucindezela (okungajwayelekile).
(4) Izidakamizwa zeHeparin (i-Hep-Lock noma i-Liquamin) : Le mithi yokuzala iyajova ukunciphisa ubungozi bokukhulelwa kwesisu kwabesifazane abanenkinga yokunqanda igazi, okuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokungabi nenzalo [8] . Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo kufaka phakathi emuva, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuwa kwezinwele, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukopha kakhulu, kanye namazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini nakho okurekhodiwe.
(5) iMetformin hydrochloride : Lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela futhi singasetshenziswa ukwelapha izinkinga ze-ovulation kwabesifazane abane-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [9] . Amaphilisi asebenza ngokwehlisa amazinga we-insulin ajikeleza egazini, angasiza ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa kweqanda okujwayelekile. Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo kufaka phakathi ubuthakathaka bomzimba, isifo sohudo, igesi, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ushukela ophansi wegazi, ubuhlungu besisu njll.
(6) I-Follistim noma i-Gonal-F : Uhlobo lokwenziwa lwe-FSH yemvelo, le-hormone evuselelayo eyenza amaqanda akhule futhi ivuselele ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda amaningi nge-IVF ephumelelayo [10] . Kungenzeka okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo kufaka phakathi ikhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo njengokucasula okuphezulu nokuthamba kwamabele.
(7) UPregnyl, uProfasi noNovarel : Le mithi yokuzala isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Zikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda futhi ziwakhiphe ku-follicle ngokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni e-hCG ohlelweni. Kungenzeka okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo kufaka phakathi isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nobuhlungu besisu.
Qaphela : Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngemiphumela engemihle engaba khona yale mithi. Uma uzithola ulwa nobunzima obukhulu noma ubuhlungu, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Encwadini Yokugcina ...
Abesifazane abangenazo izikhathi ezijwayelekile nabesifazane abanezimo zezempilo ezingathinta ukukhulelwa, njengama-UTIs, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, iBP njll, kufanele bakhulume nodokotela ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.
