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UMary Jane, imbiza, ukhula, utshani, i-420 noma i-ganja, lawa magama emigwaqo konke kuchaza into eyodwa: insangu. Isihloko sengxoxo esiyimpikiswano, esibizwa nge-Cannabis ngokwesayensi, insangu ibone ukwamukelwa okwandayo emphakathini eminyakeni embalwa edlule - ikakhulukazi emazweni amaningi egunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kwezokungcebeleka nakwezokwelapha.
Ngenkathi i-Cannabis isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwayo iminyaka eminingi, amazwe anjengeJamaica, i-Uruguay, iNetherlands, iSpain, iSwitzerland, iCanada, njll. Yizindawo lapho umuntu angasebenzisa khona umuthi we-420 ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokufakwa iphoyisa noma ukuhlawuliswa.
Inqwaba yezifundo iveze izinzuzo zezempilo zokusetshenziswa kwensangu. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvelele ukwelapha izimpawu zomdlavuza nemiphumela engemihle yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza [1] .
Izakhi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezisebenza ngensangu, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cannabinoids, zitholakele. Izingxenye ezimbili ezifundwe kahle kakhulu ngamakhemikhali i-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (evame ukubizwa nge-THC), ne-cannabidiol (CBD). Amanye ama-cannabinoids ayacwaningwa [okubili] [3] .
Emphakathini wamaNdiya, amalungiselelo ejwayelekile e-cannabis afaka i-bhang lassi ne-bhang thandai. Kusukela ngo-2000, ukusabalala kokusetshenziswa kwe-Cannabis eNdiya kwakungamaphesenti angu-3.2. Yize ukusetshenziswa kwe-bhang kuvunyelwe ezweni, izifundazwe ezahlukahlukene zinemithetho yazo evimbela noma evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
NgoJulayi 2019, iNkantolo eNkulu yaseDelhi yavuma ukulalela isicelo, esifakwe yiGreat Legalization Movement Trust, iphikisana nokuvinjelwa kweCannabis.
Kungani Ukudla Insangu Kukwenza Uphakeme?
Ikhambi lithola impahla yalo ethinta ingqondo ngenxa ye-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), enye yezinhlanganisela ezingama-483 ezaziwayo kulesi sitshalo. Yingakho insangu ingakushiya uzizwa 'uphakeme' noma 'ukhandwe ngamatshe', unemiphumela engqondweni nasemzimbeni kulowo oyisebenzisayo [4] . Lapho ubhenywa, umphumela uba khona ngokushesha, kanti kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa lapho kuphekwa futhi kudliwe.
ITHC insangu ivuselela ingxenye yobuchopho bakho ephendula ubumnandi, njengokudla kanye ucansi futhi idedela i-dopamine yamakhemikhali (i-hormone ezizwa kahle), ekunika umuzwa ojabulisayo, okhululekile [5] .
Lapho ubhema, i-THC evela kunsangu ingena egazini lakho ngokushesha ukuze ikhuphuke ngemizuzwana noma ngemizuzu. Njengoba ucwaningo lukhombisa, izinga leTHC livame ukuphakama cishe emizuzwini engama-30, futhi imiphumela ingahle iphele emahoreni angu-1-3. Uma udla noma uphuza imbiza, kungathatha amahora ukusanguluka [6] .
Insangu iwuthinta kanjani umzimba nomqondo wakho?
Ukususa ukukhululeka ekuthuthukiseni amasosha akho omzimba, insangu ingasiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu futhi ivimbele ukwehla kwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abazokwabelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo. Izinto zokuqala kuqala, ake sibheke izinzuzo zezokwelapha zensangu emzimbeni nasengqondweni yakho.
Izinzuzo zezempilo zensangu:
- Insangu isiza ukwehlisa ingcindezi ezinhlamvini zamehlo (ingcindezi yangaphakathi), yingakho isiza ukuvimbela i-glaucoma [7] .
- Insangu ingasiza ukulawula iziqephu kufayela le- umuntu onesifo sokuwa . Isithako esisebenzayo (iTHC) esitholakala kwensangu singabopha amangqamuzana obuchopho anomthwalo wokulawula ukuthokozisa nokuphumula [8] .
- Insangu ingavimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekusabalaleni ngokuyekethisa isakhi sofuzo esibizwa nge-Id-1 [9] .
- Umsebenzi we-psychotropic we-THC usiza ukuthuthukisa imizwa yomuntu futhi wehlise i- ukucindezeleka amazinga, ukukhathazeka kanye ukudana izimpawu [10] [ishumi nanye] .
- Ucwaningo luye lwasikisela ukuthi insangu ingasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu obubangelwa i-multiple sclerosis ngokuvimba izinhlungu ekufinyeleleni kuma-receptors ezinzwa [12] .
- Insangu kuthiwa inenzuzo ekwelapheni izifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu njenge I-Crohn's noma izifo ezinesilonda [13] .
- Insangu isiza ukuqeda izinhlungu nokuthuthumela nokuthuthukisa ukulala kweziguli eziphethwe yizo Isifo sikaParkinson [14] .
- Imiphumela yokuphumula yensangu ingasiza abantu abane-PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) [ishumi nanhlanu] .
- Enye yezinye izinzuzo ezinkulu zensangu impahla yayo yokudambisa, engathuthuka ikhwalithi yokulala [16] .
Manje njengoba usuyazi izinzuzo zezempilo zensangu, ake sibheke ngokujulile ukuthi ukubhema insangu kungayithinta kanjani ingqondo nomzimba wakho.
Ukubhema Insangu Kuthinta Kanjani Impilo Yakho Yengqondo?
Vele, ukubhema insangu akuzi ngaphandle kwezingozi, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ebhema nsuku zonke. Umthelela wekhambi uyahluka ngokuya ngamandla ebhodweni, indlela yokusebenzisa, nomlando wakho wokusetshenziswa. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, lezi yizindlela insangu engathinta ngayo ingqondo yakho:
- Insangu ingafiphaza izinzwa zakho nokwahlulela futhi yehlise ukuzibamba kwakho.
- Kungakhulisa izinzwa zakho, ezinjengemibala ingabonakala ikhanya ngokwengeziwe, nemisindo ingabonakala iphakeme kakhulu [17] .
- Kungaphazamisa umuzwa wakho wesikhathi.
- Kungaphazamisa amakhono akho ezimoto (okungcono ukugwema ukushayela ngenkathi uphezulu).
- Umuntu angathuthukisa i-Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), ukuthembela okuphezulu kumuthi wemvelo, okuholele ekwehliseni ukusebenza kabusha kwe-dopamine [18] .
- Kungathinta kabi ukuhlangana nesikhathi sokuphendula, futhi inkumbulo yesikhashana emfushane ivame ukuphazamiseka.
- Kwabanye abantu, ukusetshenziswa kwensangu njalo kungadala ukukhathazeka.
Yimiphi Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa (Ukubhema, Ukudla, Ukuphuza) Insangu?
Umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi osebenzisa insangu uzoba umlutha [18] . Ochwepheshe bezempilo bathi ingozi yokuba umlutha wensangu iphezulu lapho umuntu esemncane okungukuthi, amathuba okulutha angaba ngu-1 kwabayisithupha uma usebenzisa ukhula ebusheni bakho.
Le eminye yemiphumela emibi ebikwe ngokusetshenziswa kwensangu ngokweqile:
- Amathuba okuncika emzimbeni ngensangu aphezulu kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile. Lokhu kuncika emzimbeni kungadala ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, ukungalali futhi isifiso sokudla [19] .
- Insangu ingalimaza ubuchopho bakho, ikwenze kube nzima ngawe ukugxila, ufunde, futhi ukhumbule izinto (lokhu ikakhulukazi kuyimiphumela emibi yesikhashana). Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi insangu ingashintsha ngokomzimba ubuchopho bentsha [amashumi amabili] .
- Kungadala ukuvuvukala nokucasuka emaphashini futhi kungadala izinkinga zokuphefumula. Lokhu kunyusa nengozi yomuntu yokuthola izifo zokuphefumula ngoba i-THC ingawenza buthaka amasosha omzimba [amashumi amabili nanye] .
- Insangu ingayenza buthaka inhliziyo yakho ngoba yenza eyakho ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha (kusuka izikhathi ezingama-50-70 ngomzuzu kuya kwezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-120 noma ngaphezulu ngomzuzu amahora amathathu) [22] . Lokhu kungaholela engcupheni eyengeziwe ye- izindaba zenhliziyo .
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe ababhemayo bangabhekana nengozi yokuzala izingane ezingaphansi kwesisindo noma ezingakafiki isikhathi. Kungadala izingqinamba zokuzala nezokukhulelwa.
- Kungadala ushintsho ohlelweni lwakho lwe-endocannabinoid, okungukuthi, izinqubo zemvelo zomzimba wakho, njengemikhuba yakho yokulala, imizwa, isifiso sokudla, inkumbulo nokuzala.
- Ukuxuba utshwala ngensangu kwandisa izingozi ngokuphindwe kabili.
Ngenkathi lena kuyimiphumela emibi kunothi elisindayo, imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwensangu imi kanje [2. 3] :
- Ukukhathazeka
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Indlala eyeqile
- Umlomo owomile
- Ukudideka
- Isiyezi
- Ukukhathala
Ziyini Izimpawu Zokulutha Insangu?
NgokweNational Institute on Drug Abuse, cishe amaphesenti ayi-9 abantu abasebenzisa insangu baba yimilutha [24] . Ukulutha kwensangu akuhlotshaniswa nokufa ngokweqile njengezinye izidakamizwa. Noma kunjalo, ingaba neminye imiphumela emibi, futhi izimpawu zokulutha insangu zimi kanje:
- Ukungabi nentshisekelo emisebenzini (kwezenhlalo nakwezokungcebeleka)
- Izinkinga zobudlelwano (lapho umuntu efaka umzamo omncane ebunganini bakho, emndenini, noma ebudlelwaneni bothando ngenxa yokusebenzisa insangu)
- Izimpawu zezimpawu zokuhoxa njengokucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, ukujuluka, ukuthuthumela, noma ukugodola [25]
- Ukubekezelelana okwandisiwe
- Ukungakwazi ukumisa ukusetshenziswa noma ukuthatha ikhefu
Encwadini Yokugcina…
Insangu kube yisihloko esingaphikiswana ngaso isikhathi eside kakhulu manje. Ngenkathi eminye imiphakathi ikubheka njengokuzitika ngokweqile, abanye bakubona kuyindlela yokuphila.
Lo mbhalo awukhuthazi ukubhema noma ukusetshenziswa kwenjabulo kwezenjabulo neminye imikhiqizo yensangu engekho emthethweni. I-athikili yenzelwe ulwazi kuphela.
