Ukutheleleka nge-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Izici Zengozi, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

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Ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV) ukutheleleka okuvamile kwegciwane okwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba ^[1] . Ukudluliswa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuya ocansini ngakho-ke, abesilisa nabesifazane abahlanganyela ocansini yiyona njongo yabo enkulu.

I-HPV ivame ukusabalala ngesikhathi socansi lwendunu, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma lomlomo. Isuka kumuntu onegciwane iye kumuntu ophilile ngesikhathi socansi. Kodwa-ke, ukuya ocansini okungenayo akudingeki ukuthi igciwane lidlulise njengoba lingadlulisa ngokujwayelekile ngokuhlangana nesikhumba nezitho zangasese ezinegciwane, ikakhulukazi ngomkhaba osendondeni, endunu, esithweni sangasese noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ^[okubili] . I-HPV ingadlula noma umuntu engenazo izimpawu zesifo. Esinye isitho somzimba esisithintayo ngumphimbo, ulimi, isandla nezinyawo.

Iningi labantu lihlushwa ukutheleleka nge-HPV okungenani kanye empilweni yabo. Kwabanye abantu, iyazihambela yodwa kepha kokunye, ingadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo njengomdlavuza kanye nezinsumpa zangasese. Ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo zayo, kunezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-100 ezahlukahlukene ze-HPV kuzo eziyi-14 eziyigciwane lohlobo oluyingozi kakhulu elibhekele umdlavuza ^[3] .

Izimpawu Zokutheleleka Nge-Human Papillomavirus

Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, ama-90% okutheleleka azihambela yedwa esikhathini esiyiminyaka emibili. Abanye abantu abazibonisi izimpawu yize igciwane likhona emzimbeni wabo kepha liyadluliselwa kwabanye ngokungazi ngemuva kocansi.

Lapho i-HPV idluliselwa komunye umuntu, izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala futhi zisuselwa kokufanayo, udokotela angabona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-HPV oludluliselwa emzimbeni wakhe. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-HPV zidala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu ezimi kanje:

• Izinsumpa zangasese: Kuvela kakhulu epenisini, esikhaleni samanzi, esithweni sangasese, endunu, nakwisitho sangasese. Zikhonjwa njengezilonda eziyizicaba, ama-protrusions afana nesiqu, noma amaqhubu afana nokholifulawa ^[4] .
• Izinsumpa zezitshalo: Ikakhulukazi iqinile futhi inesimo esimile futhi ivela ezithendeni nasemabhola ezinyawo ^[5] .
• Izinsumpa ezivamile: Lawa ma-warts akhonjwa njengamaqhubu aphakanyisiwe akhula ikakhulukazi ezandleni naseminwe ^[6] .
• Izinsumpa eziphansi: Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulu ebusweni, endaweni yentshebe, nasemilenzeni ekhonjwe yisilonda esiyisicaba futhi esiqhumayo ^[7] .
• Izinsumpa ze-Oropharyngeal: Ziza ngobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi zenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomlomo ezinjengolimi namathoni ^[8] .

Izimbangela Zokutheleleka Nge-Human Papillomavirus

Izimbangela eziningana zibhekene nokusabalala kwe-HPV. Ezinye zezimbangela ezinkulu zingokulandelayo:

• Sika esikhunjeni, esiklebheni, noma ekulimukeni kwesikhumba okuvumela igciwane ukuthi lingene esikhunjeni kalula.
• Ukuthintana nesikhumba esinegciwane.
• Ukuya ocansini noma ukuthintana nezitho zangasese ezinegciwane.
• Uma umama okhulelwe etheleleka ngaleli gciwane, leli gciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni yakhe.
• Ukuqabula, njengoba ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa ngomlomo uma kukhona emlonyeni / emphinjeni womuntu ^[9] .
• Ukubhema, lapho igciwane likhona emlonyeni womuntu onegciwane futhi lidluliselwa kwabanye ngenkathi babelana ngogwayi ^[10] .

Izici Zobungozi Bokutheleleka Nge-Human Papillomavirus

Njengoba i-HPV iphakathi kokutheleleka okuvame kakhulu, kunezinto ezithile eziyingozi abantu okufanele baziqaphele ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwegciwane emzimbeni wabo.

Izici zobungozi zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bezocansi
• Ukusikeka noma ukukhala emzimbeni
• Ukuzivikela okuphansi ^{[ishumi nanye]} .
• Ishawa yomphakathi noma ukugeza emachibini okubhukuda omphakathi.

Ukuxilongwa Kokutheleleka Nge-Human Papillomavirus

Imvamisa, uchwepheshe wezokwelapha angakhomba i-HPV kalula ngokuhlola okubukwayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kudingeka, bangaya kohlolo olufana

• ukuhlolwa kwe-pap smear ^[12] ,
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, futhi
• ukuhlolwa kwesisombululo se-acetic acid.

I-HPV esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kwesinye isikhathi ingaholela kumdlavuza wesibeletho. Kuleso simo, ukuhlolwa kwezilonda zangaphambi komdlavuza kwenziwa inqubo ebizwa ngeLoop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) ne-cryotherapy ^[13] .

Ukwelashwa Kokutheleleka Nge-Human Papillomavirus

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kuncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane elithinta umuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka akudingi ukwelashwa kepha ezimweni ezinzima, kudingeka izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlaselayo. I-HPV ingelashwa nge

• Imithi engasetshenziswa ngqo ezilondeni. Isibonelo, imithi equkethe i-salicylic acid, i-Trichloroacetic acid, ne-Imiquimod.
• Ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo kufaka phakathi ukushisa igciwane ngamandla kagesi noma ukubamba indawo enegciwane nge-nitrogen engamanzi uma kwenzeka kunezinsumpa zangasese.
• Colposcopy ^[14] ukukhomba noma yiziphi izilonda ezingaphambi kwesibeletho zomlomo wesibeletho ezingadala umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Ukutheleleka Kwe-Papillomavirus Yabantu

Kunezindlela eziningi umuntu angavimba ngazo ukusabalala kwesifo. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zingokulandelayo:

• Uma unezinsumpa ezandleni zakho, ungazilumi izipikili noma uziphonse.
• Gqoka izicathulo zakho ngenkathi uvakashela amachibi womphakathi. Ungahambi ungafaké zicathulo ungene egumbini lokushintshela.
• Sebenzisa ikhondomu ukugwema ukudluliswa kwe-HPV.
• Hlala ebudlelwaneni bomuntu oyedwa, ubuhlobo bobulili nomlingani oyedwa.
• Ungathathi ugwayi kumuntu ongahleliwe.
• Gwema ukugqoka izicathulo zabanye abantu noma izingubo zangaphakathi.

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