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Isifo se-coronavirus (i-COVID-19) yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ama-coronaviruses, umndeni wamagciwane nawo odala isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-SARS). Kokubili i-COVID-19 ne-SARS kudalwa uhlobo lwama-coronaviruses abangela i-SARS, eyaziwa nge-SARS-CoV ngo-2003 futhi njengamanje edala isifo se-coronavirus, esaziwa nge-SARS-CoV-2.
Ngomhla ziyi-11 kuNhlolanja 2020, i-International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) yaqamba inoveli ethi coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Leli gama lanikezwa ngoba leli gciwane lihlobene nezakhi zofuzo ne-coronavirus ebhekene nokuqubuka kwe-SARS ngo-2003.
Kule ndatshana, sizochaza ukufana nokwehluka phakathi kwe-COVID-19 ne-SARS.
Kuyini i-Coronavirus?
AmaCoronaviruses awumndeni wamagciwane anezilinganiso ezinjenge-spike ebusweni bawo ezibukeka njengemiqhele. ICorona isho ukuthi 'umqhele' ngesiLatini futhi yile ndlela leli gciwane elaqanjwa ngayo.
I-COVID-19 yisifo sesithathu esaziwa nge-zoonotic coronavirus ngemuva kwesifo sokuphefumula esibi (i-SARS) ne-Middle East syndrome yokuphefumula (MERS) [1] .
Uhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus lungavela lapho i-coronavirus yesilwane iba nekhono lokudlulisa isifo kubantu futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-zoonotic transmission.
Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 ibiyigciwane le-chimeric phakathi kwe-bat coronavirus kanye ne-coronavirus yemvelaphi engaziwa. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi uchungechunge lokudlulisela luqale kusuka kumalulwane kuya kubantu [1] .
Izimpawu Zezifo ZeCoronavirus
Izimpawu umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhathala, ukuphuma kwamakhala, ikhanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba, umphimbo obuhlungu, isifo sohudo kanye nesicanucanu.
Ukudluliselwa Kwesifo SeCoronavirus
Abantu bangathola i-COVID-19 kusuka komunye umuntu onegciwane. Lesi sifo sisakazeka kalula sisuka kumuntu siye komunye ngokusebenzisa amaconsi amanzi amancane avela emakhaleni noma emlonyeni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
Umthamo wegciwane ubonakala uphakeme kakhulu emphinjeni nasekhaleni labantu abane-COVID-19 [okubili] .
Kuyini Isifo Esibucayi Sokuphefumula Okuphefumulayo (SARS)?
Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-SARS) yi-coronavirus eyadala ukuqubuka kwe-SARS ngo-2002-2003. Igciwane le-SARS ladlula lisuka kumalulwane laya kumuntu ophakathi nendawo ophethe izilwane, ikati le-civet, ngaphambi kokudlulisela kubantu [3] .
Izimpawu Ze-SARS
AbakwaSARS badala izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuqaqamba komzimba, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukugodola kanye nohudo.
Ukudluliswa Kwe-SARS
Ukudluliswa kwe-SARS kwenzeka ikakhulu kusuka kumuntu kuye kokuxhumana naye. I-SARS-CoV isabalala ngamaconsi okuphefumula lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
Izici Zamangqamuzana E-COVID-19 Ne-SARS-CoV
Ucwaningo luthole imininingwane ephelele yezofuzo (i-genome) ye-SARS-CoV-2 ekhombise ukuthi ihlobene kakhulu nama-coronaviruses amabili athathwe ngamalulwane, i-bat-SL-CoVZC45 ne-bat-SL-CoVZXC21, kodwa bekukude kakhulu I-SARS-CoV (cishe amaphesenti angama-79) ne-MERS-CoV (cishe amaphesenti angama-50) [4] .
Ukubopha Okwamukelayo KWE-COVID-19 Ne-SARS-CoV
Isiza sokubopha i-receptor siphinde saqhathaniswa ne-SARS-CoV-2 ne-SARS-CoV. Lapho igciwane lingena esitokisini somzimba womuntu, lidinga ukusebenzisana namaprotheni ebusweni beseli (ama-receptors) futhi igciwane likwenza lokhu ngamaprotheni angaphezulu kwawo.
ICoronavirus ingena kumaseli aphethwe yi-transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein akha ama-homotrimers aphuma ebusweni begciwane. Le glycoprotein inesibopho sokubopha kwi-host cell receptor.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi womabili ama-SARS-CoV-2 kanye ne-SARS-CoV abophela kwi-host cell receptor ngokuqina okufanayo futhi umfutho uphakeme kakhulu ku-SARS-CoV-2. Lesi yingakho i-SARS-CoV-2 ibonakala isakazeka kalula kune-SARS-CoV [5] .
Ukuphetha ...
I-COVID-19 ne-SARS zombili zidalwa ama-coronaviruses aqhamuka kumalulwane ngaphambi kokuba adluliselwe kubantu ngumethuli ophakathi nendawo. Kunokwehluka nokufana okukhona phakathi kwe-COVID-19 ne-SARS.
