I-MENINGITIS: IZINHLOBO, IZIMBANGELA, IZIMPAWU, IZINGOZI, IZINKINGA, UKUVIMBELA NOKWELAPHA

Ngezaziso ezisheshayo Bhalisela Manje

I-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela Buka Isampula Ngezaziso Ezisheshayo VUMELA IZAZISO Ngezaziso Zansuku zonke

Vele ungene

6 amahora edlule I-Chaitra Navratri 2021: Usuku, i-Muhurta, Amasiko Nokubaluleka Kwalo Mkhosi
8 amahora edlule I-Hina Khan Iyakhazimula Nge-Copper Green Eye Shadow Nezindebe Ezinombala Ezicwebezelayo Thola Ukubukeka Ngezinyathelo Ezimbalwa Ezilula!
10 amahora edlule I-Ugadi ne-Baisakhi 2021: Spruce Up Your Festive Look With Celebs-Inspired Traditional Suits
13 amahora edlule I-Daily Horoscope: 13 Ephreli 2021

Kumele Ubuke

Ungaphuthelwa

Ikhaya Ezempilo Ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka Ukuphazamiseka Ukwelapha oi-Amritha K By U-Amritha K. ngoNovemba 21, 2019| Kubuyekezwe ngu Alex Maliekal

Izifundo ezahlukahlukene ezizinze eNdiya ziveze ukuthi i-meningitis njengenye yezimbangela ezihamba phambili zokufa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5. Ngo-2012, uHulumeni wase-India wethula umuthi wokugomela iPentavalent Vaccine ku-Universal Immunis Programme (UIP) ezweni lonke futhi wahlanganisa izwe lonke. ngo-2017.

Yize ukubhebhetheka kwe-meningitis kwehlile, kusamele kuqhutshekwe nokuqapha ukuhlola izindlela ezivelayo zokumelana nokusatshalaliswa kwama-antibiotic ezweni. Funda ukuze wazi ngesifo esithinta isizwe, izimbangela zaso nezindlela zokusiqapha.

Kuyini i-Meningitis?

I-Meningitis yisifo esidala ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze intambo yomgogodla nobuchopho. Izinsana, izingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala bonke bangaba ne-meningitis, noma uhlobo lwe-meningitis luvame ukuhluka ngokuya ngeqembu leminyaka.

Ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges (abavikeli bobuchopho kanye nomgogodla, okungukuthi, kuvimbela ubuchopho nomgogodla ekuthintekeni ngamagciwane noma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka) kwenzeka lapho uketshezi oluzungeze indawo lungenwa yigciwane ^[1] .

Lokhu, futhi, kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-meninges, kanye ne-cerebrospinal fluid evikela ukwakheka kohlelo lwemizwa oluphakathi ^[okubili] .

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ze-Meningitis?

I-Meningitis ibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane kanti izinhlobo ze-meningitis zihlukaniswa ngokufanele. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-meningitis zibhaktheriya negciwane.

1. I-meningitis yegciwane

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-meningitis, i-viral meningitis lumnene futhi luyelapheka lodwa. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa amagciwane asesigabeni se-Enterovirus, esivumelana namaphesenti angama-85 alesi sifo ^[3] .

2. I-meningitis yebhaktheriya

Lolu hlobo lwe-meningitis luyathathelana. I-bacterial meningitis ibangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zama-bacteria afana ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-Neisseria meningitides, i-Haemophilus influenza, i-Listeria monocytogenes ne-Staphylococcus aureus.

Uma ishiywe ingelashwa, isimo singaba yingozi. Ngokwemibiko, amaphesenti ama-5 kuye kwangama-40 ezingane namaphesenti angama-20 kuye kwangama-50 abantu abadala abanegciwane elifa nokufa ^[4] .

3. I-fungal meningitis

Uhlobo olungavamile lwe-meningitis, i-fungal meningitis lubangelwa isikhunta njenge-Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma neCoccidioides. Ukhunta uthelela umzimba futhi usakazekele nasemgudwini wegazi, kusuka lapho uya khona ebuchosheni bakho noma entanjeni yomgogodla.

4. I-meningitis yama-Parasitic

Kubangwa izimuncagazi ezitholakala ekungcoleni, endleni, ezintweni zokudla njengezinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe, umkhiqizo kanye nezinkukhu, i-parasitic meningitis ibangelwa amagciwane afana ne-Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis kanye

Gnathostoma spinigerum.

I-parasitic meningitis ayithelelani ngqo, okusho ukuthi, ayidluliswa isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Isakazeka lapho izimuncagazi zithelela isilwane noma into yokudla, bese idliwa ngumuntu ^[5] .

5. I-meningitis engathathelani

I-Meningitis nayo ingakhula ngenxa yezizathu ezingezona ezithathelwanayo futhi lena iwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.

Ziyini Izimbangela Ze-Meningitis?

Uhlobo ngalunye lokutheleleka lunezimbangela ezahlukahlukene zokutheleleka ngegciwane okuyimbangela evame kakhulu. Esinye isizathu esivelele ukutheleleka kwamagciwane nokutheleleka kwefungal kwenzeka ngokungavamile ^[6] ^[7] .

Imbangela ye-bacterial meningitis iyehluka ngokuya ngeqembu lobudala lomuntu onegciwane. Ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi nasezinsaneni kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, izimbangela ezivamile yi-streptococci yeqembu B. Ezinganeni ezindala, kubangelwa i-Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ngenkathi kubantu abadala, ibangelwa yi-Neisseria meningitidis ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae.

I-virus ye-meningitis ibangelwa amagciwane afana negciwane i-West Nile, umkhuhlane, ukuqubuzana, i-HIV,

isimungumungwane, amagciwane e-herpes ne-Coltivirus.

I-fungal meningitis ingabangelwa yizici eziningana. Ezinye zezimbangela ukusetshenziswa kwama-immunosuppressants, ukulahlekelwa amasosha omzimba ngenxa yobudala kanye ne-HIV / AIDS.

I-parasitic meningitis ibangelwa ama-parasites afana ne-Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum kanye neSchistosoma. Isimo sibuye sivele ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-cysticercosis, i-toxocariasis, i-baylisascariasis ne-paragonimiasis.

I-meningitis engathathelani iqala ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-lupus, ukulimala ekhanda, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho, umdlavuza kanye nemithi ethile.

Ziyini Izimpawu Ze-Meningitis?

Izimpawu zokuqala ezihambisana nalesi simo ziyafana nezomkhuhlane futhi zikhula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Izimpawu ze-meningitis ziyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yomuntu kanye nohlobo lokutheleleka kanye nezimpawu ze-meningitis yegciwane kanye ne-bacterial zingafana ekuqaleni ^[8] .

Izimpawu ze-Virus meningitis ezinganeni zimi kanje:

Ukuthukuthela
Ukungabi nesifiso sokudla
Imikhuba emibi
Imfiva
Ukulala

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezivamile ze-meningitis kubantu abadala zimi kanje:

Ukuhlanza
Imfiva
Ukulala
Intamo eqinile
Ukuquleka
Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo
Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
Imikhuba emibi
Isicanucanu
Ukuthukuthela
Imikhuba emibi
Ubuhlungu bekhanda
Isikhumba esinsomi esifana nemihuzuko
Amakhaza
Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
Ukudideka
Ukudideka

Ku-meningitis ye-parasitic, izimpawu ziyefana nezomkhuhlane we-fungal meningitis futhi umuntu angaqala ukuqubuka emzimbeni. I-Meningococcal meningitis izoba nokuqubuka emzimbeni futhi izimpawu zalesi simo zifaka ukuqina kwentamo, uphawu lukaBrudzinski olukhombisa uphawu lukaKernig ekuhlolweni komzimba ^[9] .

Yiziphi Izici Zengozi Ye-Meningitis?

Izici zobungozi be-Meningitis zifaka okulandelayo ^[10] :

Ubusha obusha
Ukukhulelwa
Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
Ukuhlala endaweni yomphakathi
Ukugwema imigomo

Yiziphi Izinkinga Ze-Meningitis?

Zonke izimo zezokwelapha zithambekele ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga kanye nezinkinga ze-meningitis zinzima futhi zingadala ukuquleka nokulimala unomphela kwezinzwa uma kungalashwa. ^{[ishumi nanye]} .

Izinkinga ze-meningitis zimi kanje:

Ukuhluleka kwezinso
Ukushaqeka
Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Izinkinga zememori
Isifo samathambo
Ukulimala kobuchopho
Izinkinga ze-gait
IHydrocephalus
Ukufa

I-meningitis itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela uzokwenza ukuxilongwa ngokususelwa ekuhlolweni komzimba, izivivinyo zokuxilonga kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Udokotela uzohlola ukutheleleka okuzungeze ikhanda, izindlebe, umphimbo nesikhumba emgogodleni ^[12] . Uphenyo / ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ku-meningitis yi-LP (i-lumbar puncture).

Ukuxilongwa kuzofaka phakathi izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

I-tomography yekhompyutha (CT)
Ukucabanga kwe-Magnetic resonance (MRI)
Amasiko egazi
Ama-X-ray esifubeni

Uphathwa Kanjani uMeningitis?

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwalesi simo kuya ngohlobo lwe-meningitis.

I-bacterial meningitis idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic emithanjeni kanye ne-corticosteroids. Ukwelashwa kwe-virus ye-meningitis kubandakanya ukuphumula kombhede, ukusetshenziswa koketshezi kanye nemithi yezinhlungu zasesitolo. Imithi yokubulala amagciwane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-fungal meningitis ^[13] .

Ezinhlotsheni ezisele ze-meningitis, odokotela banquma ukwelashwa ngama-antiviral kanye nama-antibiotic. I-meningitis engathathelani iphathwa ngama-corticosteroids. Kwezinye izimo ze-meningitis, ukwelashwa akudingeki njengoba isimo siba ngcono sisodwa.

Ziyini Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela I-Meningitis?

Njengoba isimo sibangelwa amagciwane avamile namagciwane, singasakazeka ngokukhwehlela, ukuqabulana, ngokwabelana ngezinto njll. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingasiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-meningitis ^[14] .

Geza izandla zakho
Hlala uphilile (phumula, zivocavoca njalo, udle okunempilo)
Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka
Vala umlomo wakho ngenkathi ukhwehlela noma uthimula
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu imikhuba yokudla

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-meningitis ingavinjelwa ngokugoma imigomo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

U. Luyini uphawu lokuqala lwe-meningitis?

Iminyaka Imfiva, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bezitho, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo yizimpawu zokuqala ze-meningitis.

U. Umuntu angaphila yini ne-meningitis?

Iminyaka : Uma ishiywe ingalashwa i-meningitis ingaba yingozi. Kepha, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokungenelela kungasiza lowo muntu asinde kuleso simo.

U. Kungakubulala ngokushesha kangakanani i-meningitis?

Iminyaka : I-Meningitis ingabulala kungakapheli amahora amane.

U. Lizwakala kanjani ikhanda le-meningitis?

Iminyaka : Ngokungafani nekhanda elijwayelekile, umuntu uthola, ikhanda le-meningitis lithinta ikhanda lakho lonke futhi alitholakali kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ethile.

Buka Izinkomba ze-Article

[1]UKhan, F. Y., Yousef, H., no-Elzouki, A. N. (2017). I-Rhabdomyolysis nokwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso okuhambisana ne-pneumococcal meningitis: Umbiko wecala nokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi. Ijenali yaseLibya Yezesayensi Yezokwelapha, 1 (1), 18.
[okubili]Cooper, L. V., Kristiansen, P. A., Christensen, H., Karachaliou, A., & Trotter, C. L. (2019). Ukuhamba kwe-Meningococcal ngobudala ebhandeni le-meningitis lase-Afrika: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. I-Epidemiology & Ukutheleleka, 147.
[3]van Samkar, A., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van der Ende, A., & van de Beek, D. (2015). I-Streptococcus suis meningitis: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. Izifo ezishisayo ze-PLoS, 9 (10), e0004191.
[4]Hussein, K., Bitterman, R., Shofty, B., Paul, M., & Neuberger, A. (2017). Ukuphathwa kwe-post-neurosurgical meningitis: ukubuyekeza okulandisayo. I-Clinical Microbiology kanye Nokutheleleka, 23 (9), 621-628.
[5]I-Ogrodzki, P., neForsythe, S. (2015). Ukwenziwa kwe-Capsular kohlobo lweCronobacter nokuhlangana kweCronobacter sakazakii kanye noC. Malonaticus capsule izinhlobo ezine-neonatal meningitis kanye necrotizing enterocolitis. Izinhlobo zeBMC, 16 (1), 758.
[6]USinha, M.K, Prasad, M., Haque, S. S., Agrawal, R., & Singh, A. (2016). Isimo Somtholampilo Womsebenzi we-Lactate Dehydrogenase ku-Cerebrospinal Fluid nge-Age and Sex Distribution ngezinhlobo ezihlukile ze-Meningitis. UMOJ Immunol, 4 (5), 00142.
[7]UKakarlapudi, S. R., Chacko, A., uSamuel, P., Verghese, V. P., noRose, W. (2018). Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-scrub typhus meningitis ne-bacterial meningitis ebukhali kanye ne-meningitis enesifo sofuba. Izifo zezingane zaseNdiya, 55 (1), 35-37.
[8]I-Lv, S., Zhou, X. N., & Andrews, J. R. (2017). I-menositis ye-Eosinophilic ebangelwa i-Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
[9]IHeemskerk, A. D., Bang, N. D., Mai, N. T., Chau, T., Phu, N. H., Loc, P. P., ... & Lan, N. H. (2016). Ukwelashwa okuqinile kwesifo sofuba kubantu abadala abane-meningitis enesifo sofuba. INew England Journal of Medicine, 374 (2), 124-134.
[10]UWilkinson, R. J., Rohlwink, U., Misra, U. K., Van Crevel, R., Mai, N. T. H., Dooley, K. E., ... & Thwaites, G. E. (2017). I-meningitis enobuthi. Ukubuyekezwa Kwemvelo I-Neurology, 13 (10), 581.
[ishumi nanye]Umbazi, R. R., & Petersdorf, R. G. (1962). I-spectrum yomtholampilo we-bacterial meningitis. Ijenali yezokwelapha yaseMelika, i-33 (2), i-262-275.
[12]Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo. (2015). I-Epidemiology kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezivikelwa ngumuthi wokugoma. IWashington DC Public Health Foundation, 2, 20-2.
[13]UMount, H. R., noBoyle, S. D. (2017). I-Aseptic and bacterial meningitis: ukuhlola, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela. NginguDokotela Wemindeni, i-96 (5), i-314-322.
[14]URajasingham, R., Smith, R. M., Park, B. J., Jarvis, J. N., Govender, N. P., Chiller, T. M., ... & Boulware, D. R. (2017). Umthwalo womhlaba wonke wezifo ze-cryptococcal meningitis ehlobene ne-HIV: ukuhlaziywa okubuyekeziwe. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet, 17 (8), 873-881.