Ukunikelwa Kwamehlo Kazwelonke Ngobusuku Babili 2019: Isimo Samanje Sokunikelwa Kwamehlo ENdiya

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INational Eye Donation Fortnight ibonwa minyaka yonke kusuka mhla zingama-25 Agasti kuya kumhla ziyi-8 Septhemba. Lo mkhankaso uhlose ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubaluleka kokunikela ngamehlo nokugqugquzela abantu ukuthi bazibophezele ngokunikela ngezitho zomzimba.

Ngokwemibiko, ubumpumputhe buchazwe njengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo emazweni asathuthuka njenge-India ^[1] .

I-India Iyikhaya Lenani Eliphakeme Kakhulu Labantu Abangaboni

Ngokwemibiko yakamuva, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-6.8 abanombono ongaphansi kuka-6/60 okungenani esweni elilodwa ngenxa yezifo zamakhonco eNdiya. Kubantu abangaboni abayizigidi ezingama-37 emhlabeni wonke, abayizigidi eziyi-15 bangabaseNdiya ^[okubili] . Futhi ukuveza, amaphesenti angama-75 alawa macala angubumpumputhe obungagwemeka - ekhanyisa ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kosuku lweNational Eye Donation Fortnight.

Odokotela bamehlo futhi banikele ngamehlo ekwelapheni ubumpumputhe be-corneal basakazeke ngokwedlulele ezweni elinodokotela bamehlo abangu-8 000 kuphela esikhundleni sodokotela bamehlo abangama-40,000. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imibiko iveza ukuthi i-India idinga amehlo anikelwe ngama-2,5 lakh minyaka yonke futhi izokwazi ukuhlangabezana nenani eliphansi lama-25,000 emabhange wamehlo ayi-109 ezweni. Futhi kuphela ukufakelwa kwama-corneal ama-10,000 okwenziwa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokushoda ^[okubili] .

AmaNdiya angama-153 wezigidi adinga izibuko zokufunda kepha awanakho ukufinyelela. Inani eliphezulu labantu abangaboni ezweni lingaqondaniswa nenani elilinganiselwe lezikole ezingama-20 zamehlo kuphela ezikhiqiza odokotela bamehlo abangu-1 000 kuphela ngonyaka, nabantu abayizigidi eziyi-17 bengezwa kubantu ^[3] .

Kulezi zigidi eziyi-15, izigidi ezintathu yizingane ezihlushwa ubumpumputhe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamakhaza.

Umnikelo Womzimba ENdiya

Ukuzibhalisa njengomuntu onikela ngomzimba futhi uthathe isinqumo sokusiza umuntu ngemuva kokufa kwakho kuyisenzo esihle. Umnikeli wezitho usiza abantu ukuthi baphinde bathole imisebenzi yabo ethile, efana nokubona. Ngokunikela ngamehlo ngemuva kokufa, umuntu oyimpumputhe othembekile ubuyisa amandla akhe okubona ngenqubo yokuhlinza eyaziwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa i-corneal, lapho i-cornea eyonakele ithathelwa indawo i-cornea enempilo evela kumnikeli wamehlo ^[4] .

I-Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994 yasungulwa nguhulumeni waseNdiya ukudala ushintsho oluhle ezintweni zokunikelwa kwezitho nokufakelwa kabusha eNdiya ^[5] . Yize izifundazwe ezahlukahlukene beziluthathile futhi zasamukela lolu hlelo, bekungekho okulandelwayo noma imisebenzi eyenziwe ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza nokufinyeleleka kohlelo. Izizwe ezifana neTamil Nadu ne-Andhra Pradesh zifake umfutho obalulekile, iTamil Nadu ibe neminikelo eminingana engama-302 kwathi i-Andhra Pradesh inabalelwa ku-150 ^[6] .

Ezinye izifundazwe ezalandela yiKarnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan neKerala.

U-50% Wamehlo Anikelwayo Azomoshela

Ngokuqwashisa nokubaluleka kokunikelwa kwamehlo kusatshalaliswa kuhulumeni, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nezibhedlela wukusindisa amehlo anikelwayo ukuthi angahambi emoshakala. Njengombiko ngamunye, kwenziwa iminikelo yamehlo engama-52,000 eNdiya kusuka esikhathini kusuka ngo-Ephreli 2018 kuya kuMashi 2019. Kodwa-ke, inani lokufakelwa kwamakhorali ezweni lalingama-28,000 kuphela ^[7] .

Cishe amaphesenti ama-50 wamakhorn aqoqwe ngemishini yokunikela ngamehlo awasetshenziswanga kepha achithwa. Futhi lesi bekungasiso isimo ezweni elilodwa kepha ezweni lonke. I-cornea enikelwayo ingagcinwa izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-14 kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, ilahlwe njengemfucuza njengoba ingasakwazi ukusetshenziswa ^[8] .

Lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kwamabhange wamehlo ahlome kahle ezweni. I-India njengezwe inamabhange wamehlo ahlome kahle kakhulu kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lodokotela abahlinzayo bamehlo.

Kungani Abantu Bemanqikanqika Ukunikela Ngamehlo

Ngisho nasekhulwini lamashumi amabili nanye futhi nangokufika kwezentuthuko ezahlukahlukene, abantu basenokungabaza ngakho ngenxa yenani eliphakeme lemibono eyiphutha. Izici ezinjengokuntuleka kokuqwashisa, izinganekwane ezihlobene nokunikelwa kwamehlo, ukucwaswa kwamasiko, ukungabi nogqozi nezinkolelo zendabuko kuletha izinselelo ^[9] .

Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-cornea kuvame ukwenziwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezine ngemuva kokunikelwa, kuya ngendlela yokulondolozwa kwe-cornea nokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwezicubu zamehlo kwenziwa ngemuva nje kokufa bese kungabangeli ukubambezeleka ezinhlelweni zomngcwabo ^[7] .

Ucwaningo lwakamuva oluhlolisise imibono eyiphutha maqondana nokunikelwa kweso lukhombe ukuthi amaphesenti angama-28 engqikithi yabaphendulile basemadolobheni abangama-641 bakholelwa ukuthi abanikeli bezitho zomzimba ngeke bathole ukwelashwa okusindisa impilo kanti amaphesenti ayi-18 akholelwa ukuthi imizimba yabo izokonakala. ^[10] .

Izinhlelo nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqwashisa zamukelwe nguhulumeni waseNdiya kanye nezibhedlela ezahlukahlukene ukwenza ngcono isimo samanje sokunikelwa kwamehlo ezweni ^{[ishumi nanye]} . Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2003, kube nokuthuthuka okukhulu enanini labaxhasi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kufakwe imishini yesibhedlela engcono kakhulu ukuze kulondolozwe kahle ama-corneas anikelwe.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, njengesakhamuzi saseNdiya, kufanele ubhalise njengomnikeli wezitho ^[12] . Noma ngubani angaba ngumnikeli wamehlo (noma iliphi iqembu lobudala noma ubulili), abanesifo sikashukela, abantu abasebenzisa izibuko, iziguli ezine-high blood pressure, iziguli zesifuba somoya nalabo abangenazo izifo ezithathelwanayo banganikela ngamehlo. Qhubeka, kungumsebenzi wakho njengomuntu. Bhaliswa njengomnikeli wesitho!

1. [1]IGupta, N., Vashist, P., Ganger, A., Tandon, R., & Gupta, S. K. (2018). Ukunikelwa kwamehlo nokubhenka kwamehlo eNdiya. INational Medical Journal yaseNdiya, 31 (5), 283.
2. [okubili]ULeasher, J. L., Bourne, R. R., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Keeffe, J., Naidoo, K., ... & Resnikoff, S. (2016). Ukulinganiselwa komhlaba wonke ngenani labantu abangaboni noma abangaboni kahle nge-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela: ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kusuka ku-1990 kuya ku-2010. Ukunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela, 39 (9), 1643-1649.
3. [3]UGudlavalleti, V. S. M. (2017). Ubukhulu kanye nokuthambekela kwesikhashana kokungaboni okugwemekayo ezinganeni (i-ABC) eNdiya. I-Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 84 (12), 924-929.
4. [4]UVijayalakshmi, P., uSunitha, T. S., Gandhi, S., Thimmaiah, R., & Math, S. B. (2016). Ulwazi, isimo sengqondo nokuziphatha kwabantu abaningi maqondana nokunikelwa kwezitho zomzimba: umbono waseNdiya. Ijenali yezokwelapha kaZwelonke yaseNdiya, 29 (5), 257.
5. [5]Chakradhar, K., Doshi, D., Reddy, B. S., Kulkarni, S., Reddy, M. P., & Reddy, S. S. (2016). Ulwazi, isimo sengqondo nokuzijwayeza ngokuphathelene nokunikelwa kwezitho phakathi kwabafundi bamazinyo baseNdiya. Ijenali yamazwe omhlaba yokwelashwa kokufakelwa komzimba, 7 (1), 28.
6. [6]UKrishnan, G., noKaranth, S. (2018). I-762: I-Epidemiologic Kanye NePhrofayili Yomtholampilo Yeziguli Ezifile Ubuchopho Zokunikela Ngomzimba Esikhungweni SamaNdiya. Imithi Yokunakekelwa Okubalulekile, 46 (1), 367.
7. [7]USeth, A., Dudeja, G., Dhir, J., Acharya, A., Lal, S., & Singh, B. (2017). Izici kanye Nemiphumela yeFortis Healthcare Limited-New Delhi Television 'More To Give'Mkhankaso Wokukhuthaza Ukunikela Kwezitho Zomzimba Ezilahlekile eNdiya. Ukufakelwa kabusha, 101, S76.
8. [8]NDTV. (2017, Novemba 17). Ama-50% Amehlo Anikelwe Ukuya Kumfucuza: UMnyango Wezempilo. Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-https: //sites.ndtv.com/moretogive/50-donated-eyes-going-waste-health-ministry-798/
9. [9]UFarooqui, J. H., Acharya, M., Dave, A., Chaku, D., Das, A., & Mathur, U. (2019). Ukuqwashisa nolwazi ngokunikelwa kwamehlo nomthelela wabeluleki: Umbono waseNyakatho India. Ijenali ye-ophthalmology yamanje, 31 (2), 218.
10. [10]Oguego, N., Okoye, O. I., Okoye, O., Uche, N., Aghaji, A., Maduka-Okafor, F., ... & Umeh, R. (2018). Izinganekwane zezempilo yamehlo, imibono engafanele namaqiniso: imiphumela yocwaningo oluhlukanisayo phakathi kwezingane zesikole saseNigeria. Imithi Yomndeni & Ukubuyekezwa Kokunakekelwa Okuyinhloko, (2), 144-148.
11. [ishumi nanye]IVidusha, K., neManjunatha, S. (2015). Ukuqwashiswa kokunikelwa kwamehlo phakathi kwabafundi bezokwelapha esibhedlela semfundo ephakeme, eBangalore. I-Asian Pac J Health Sci, 2 (2), 94-98.
12. [12]I-Bhatia, S., ne-Gupta, N. (2017). UKUNIKELA I-EYE: UKUQWASHISELA NOKUQONDA KWAYO PHAKATHI KWABAFUNDI BAMAKHOLI AMAZINYO E-TRICITY NEZINDAWO ZAYO EZIQONDENE NAYO, E-INDIA. Ijenali yocwaningo lwe-Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences, 5 (1), 39.

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