Ukukhuluphala: Izinhlobo, Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Izinkinga Nokulashwa

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Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngamafutha omzimba. ENdiya, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile sekuwumqedazwe ngamaphesenti ama-5 ezwe athintwa yikho. Inkinga akuyona nje ukukhathazeka ngezimonyo kuphela kodwa engakhuphula ubungozi bokuhlaselwa ezinye izifo nezinkinga eziningana zempilo.

Ukukhuluphala kuchazwa njengokuthola inkomba yomzimba (BMI) engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. I-BMI ibalwa ngokucabangela ubude nesisindo somuntu ngamunye. Izici ezithile ezifana nobudala, ubulili, ubuhlanga, nobukhulu bemisipha yomuntu kungathinta ukuxhumana phakathi kwamafutha omzimba ne-BMI. Kodwa-ke, i-BMI iyinkomba ejwayelekile yesisindo eseqile ^{[1] [okubili]} .

Ukunquma i-BMI yakho, kufanele uhlukanise isisindo sakho ngamakhilogremu ukuphakama kwakho ngamamitha ayisikwele (BMI = kg / m2).

Bheka i-BMI yakho lapha.

Izinhlobo Zokukhuluphala

Kunezigaba eziningi zokukhuluphala. Isimo sihlukaniswa ngokuya ngendawo yokubekwa kwamafutha, ukuhlangana nezinye izifo nosayizi nenombolo yamaseli amafutha ^[3] .

Ngokuya ngokuhlangana nezinye izifo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuhlukaniswa kabili futhi imi kanjena:

• Thayipha-1 ukukhuluphala: Lolu hlobo lokukhuluphala ngokweqile lubangelwa ukudla ngokweqile kwama-calories nokuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba.
• Thayipha-2 ukukhuluphala: Kubangelwa izifo ezifana ne-hypothyroidism, i-polycystic ovarian disease, ne-insulinoma njll. Ukukhuluphala kohlobo 2-kuyaqabukela futhi kuvumelana nephesenti elilodwa kuphela lamacala esewonke wokukhuluphala. Umuntu onohlobo lokukhuluphala okungu-2 uzothola isisindo esingajwayelekile noma ethatha ukudla okuncane.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokufakwa kwamafutha, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuhlukaniswa kube kathathu futhi kunjengokulandelayo ^[4] :

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Lolu hlobo lokukhuluphala kulapho ukuqongelela kwamafutha ngokweqile kutholakala ezinqeni, ezinqeni nasemathangeni.
• Ukukhuluphala okuphakathi: Lolu hlobo lokukhuluphala kulapho ukuqongelela kwamafutha amaningi ngokweqile kubekwe endaweni yesisu.
• Inhlanganisela yakho kokubili

Ngokuya ngosayizi nenombolo yamaseli anonile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungahlukaniswa kube izinhlobo ezimbili futhi kunjalo ^[4] :

• Uhlobo lokukhuluphala kwabantu abadala: Kulolu hlobo lokukhuluphala, kuphela usayizi wamangqamuzana anamafutha anyuswayo futhi akhula ngesikhathi seminyaka ephakathi.
• Uhlobo lokukhuluphala kwengane: Kulokhu, inani lamaseli anonile liyakhula futhi liyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele ngoba inani lamaseli cishe alikwazi ukwehliswa.

Izimbangela Zokukhuluphala

Ukuzuza kwamafutha kuvame ukubangelwa yimikhuba yokuziphatha, eyezakhi zofuzo, ye-metabolic kanye neye-hormonal esisindweni somzimba, ngokudla ikhalori kube yisizathu esiyinhloko. Lokho wukuthi, ukudla amakhalori amaningi kunokushisa emsebenzini wansuku zonke nokuvivinya umzimba kuholela ekukhuluphaleni ^[5] .

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhuluphala yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukudla okungekuhle kokudla okunamafutha amaningi nama-calories
• Ukuguga ngoba ukukhula kungadala ukukhuluphala kwemisipha kanye nesilinganiso sokunciphisa umzimba kancane
• Ukungalali, okungaholela ekushintsheni kwamahomoni okwenza uzizwe ulambile futhi ulangazelele ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi
• Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi
• Izakhi zofuzo
• Ukukhulelwa

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nazo zingaholela ekukhuluphaleni, njengokulandelayo ^[6] :

• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi)
• I-Cushing syndrome
• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
• Isifo sikaPrader-Willi
• I-osteoarthritis

Izimpawu Zokukhuluphala

Uphawu lokuqala oluyisixwayiso lokukhuluphala luthola isisindo somzimba esingaphezu kwesilinganiso. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimpawu zokukhuluphala zimi kanje ^[7] :

• I-apnea yokulala
• Amatshe amatshe amade
• I-osteoarthritis
• Inkinga yokulala
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Imithambo ye-Varicose
• Izinkinga zesikhumba ezibangelwa umswakama

Izici Zengozi Yokukhuluphala

Izici ezahlukahlukene njengokuxubana kwezakhi zofuzo, ezemvelo nezingokwengqondo zidlala indima enkulu ekwandiseni ubungozi bomuntu bokukhuluphala ^[8] .

• Izakhi zofuzo noma ifa lomndeni (isb.izakhi zofuzo ozithola kubazali bakho zingathinta inani lamafutha omzimba agciniwe futhi asatshalaliswa emzimbeni wakho).
• Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila njengokudla okungenampilo, iziphuzo ezinekhalori ephezulu, ukungabi bikho kwemisebenzi njll.
• Izifo ezithile (njenge-Prader-Willi syndrome, i-Cushing syndrome njll.)
• Imithi efana nemithi elwa nokuquleka, imishanguzo yokulwa nengcindezi, imishanguzo yesifo sikashukela, imishanguzo yokulwa nengqondo njll.
• Umbuthano womngane nomndeni (uma ukhuluphele abantu abaseduze, amathuba okuba abakhuluphele ayanda)
• Ubudala
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukubhema
• I-Microbiome (gut bacteria)
• Ukungalali
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ngi-dieting

Izinkinga Zokukhuluphala

Abantu abakhuluphele ngokuya ngokuya bathambekele ezinkingeni zezempilo ezahlukahlukene ezibucayi ngokwedlulele.

Izinkinga ezinkulu zifaka okulandelayo ^{[9] [10]} :

• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Umdlavuza othile (i-ovary, isifuba, umlomo wesibeletho, isibeletho, ikholoni, i-rectum, isibindi, i-gallbladder, izinso, i-prostate njll.)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Izifo ze-gallbladder
• Unhlangothi
• Izinkinga zabesifazane nezocansi
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaphazamisa impilo yomuntu. Ukudana, ukuhlala wedwa emphakathini, ukukhubazeka, ukufeza umsebenzi ophansi, amahloni njll. Ezinye zezindlela ukukhuluphala okungathinta izinga lomuntu lokuphila ^[10] .

Ukuxilongwa Kokukhuluphala

Udokotela uzoqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba bese ancoma izivivinyo ukuqonda ubunzima besimo ^{[ishumi nanye]} .

• Ukuhlolwa komlando wezempilo
• Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile komzimba
• Ukubalwa kwe-BMI
• Isilinganiso sesisindo sesinqe sokuqonda ukusatshalaliswa kwamafutha omzimba kufaka phakathi ukuqina kwesikhumba, ukuqhathanisa okhalweni kuya okhalweni
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okufana ne-ultrasound, i-computed tomography (CT), kanye nama-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Ukwelashwa Ngokukhuluphala

Inhloso yokwelashwa kokukhuluphala ukuthola isisindo esinempilo nokuyigcina. Ukwelashwa kwenzelwa ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokuba nezinkinga zezempilo.

• Ushintsho lokudla: Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu esamukelwe ukwelapha ukukhuluphala yizinguquko zokudla. Ukunciphisa amakhalori nokwenza imikhuba yokudla enempilo kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke qala ngokusika amakhalori, udle izingxenye ezinkulu zokudla ezinama-calories ambalwa (njengemifino nezithelo), ukudla ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni, njengezithelo, imifino kanye nama-carbohydrate okusanhlamvu okuphelele. Vimbela ukusetshenziswa kwakho kokudla okunama-carbohydrate aphezulu noma okugcwele okunamafutha ^[12] .
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba: Ukwengeza imisebenzi yakho ebonakalayo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala. Abantu abanesisindo sokukhuluphala kudingeka bathole okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto yokuzivocavoca umzimba. Kuyasebenza futhi kuyasebenza ukukhetha izivivinyo ezisiza ukushisa ama-calories. Izinguquko ezilula njengokuthatha izitebhisi esikhundleni selifti, ingadi, ukuhamba amabanga amafushane esikhundleni sokuthatha imoto yakho kungasiza ukulahla leso sisindo esengeziwe ^[13] .
• Ukushintsha kokuziphatha: Izinhlelo zokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha zingakusiza wenze izinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo futhi zikukhuthaze ukuthi wehlise isisindo. Futhi okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, kungakusiza ekuqondeni wena nemikhuba yakho kangcono futhi usebenze ngokufanele ukunciphisa umzimba. Ukufuna amaqembu okwelulekwa nokwesekwa kungaba yinzuzo ^[14] .
• Imithi: Ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca nemikhuba yokudla, imishanguzo kadokotela yokwehlisa isisindo nayo iyindlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha ukukhuluphala. Udokotela wakho angancoma imishanguzo yokwehlisa isisindo uma ezinye izindlela zokudla nezokuvivinya umzimba zingasho lutho. Imithi izonikezwa ngokuya ngomlando wakho wezempilo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa kuphela esimweni sokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ezimweni ezinzima, odokotela bakhetha ukuhlinzwa okwehlisa isisindo, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-bariatric. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusiza ekunciphiseni amazinga okusetshenziswa kwakho (futhi) noma kunganciphisa ukumuncwa kokudla namakhalori. Okunye ukuhlinzwa okuvamile kokwehlisa isisindo kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa okudlula esiswini, ukubopha ibhande esiswini okuguquguqukayo, ukuphambukiswa kwe-biliopancreatic nge switch ye-duodenal kanye nomkhono wesisu ^{[ishumi nanhlanu] [16]} .

Encwadini Yokugcina ...

Ukukhuluphala kungavinjelwa. Ngokwamukela izinguquko kwindlela yokuphila nokukhetha okuhle kokudla, ungazisiza ekutholeni konke lokho okusindayo. Ungakunaki (ukukhanya) ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke okungenani imizuzu engama-20-30, udle ukudla okunomsoco njengezithelo nemifino futhi ugweme ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.

Imininingwane yabantu nguSharan Jayanth

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7. [7]UDelgado, I., Huet, L., Dexpert, S., Beau, C., Forestier, D., Ledaguenel, P., ... & Capuron, L. (2018). Izimpawu zokucindezela kokukhuluphala: Umnikelo ohlobene wokuvuvukala osezingeni eliphansi kanye nempilo ye-metabolic. I-Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91, 55-61.
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