Utwayi: Izimbangela, Ukuhanjiswa, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

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Utwayi yisifo esithathelwanayo sesikhumba esidalwa yimbuzane encane ebizwa ngeSarcoptes scabiei var. i-hominis ebangela ukulunywa okukhulu nokubomvu esikhunjeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 bathinteka ngotwayi emhlabeni jikelele minyaka yonke. Ukhwekhwe luthinta abantu bazo zonke izinhlanga nezigaba zenhlalo, noma kunjalo abasha, asebekhulile, amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma abantu ababambezeleka ngentuthuko basengozini enkulu yokuba notwayi [1] .

Yini Ebangela Utwayi? [1]

ISarcoptes scabiei var. i-hominis yisibungu esinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili esidala ukhwekhwe kubantu oluncane. I-mite yesifazane izigaxa engxenyeni engenhla yesikhumba lapho ihlala khona bese izalela amaqanda. Izibungu zichanyuselwa ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine futhi zithatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14 ukuvuthwa zibe izibungu ezindala. Lapho sezikhulile, zingasakazeka ziye kwezinye izindawo zesikhumba.

Izibungu zescabi zivame ukutholakala phakathi kweminwe, izindololwane, amakhwapha, ekuguqukeni kwesihlaka, isitho sangasese noma amabele. Ezinsaneni nakubantu asebekhulile, kutholakala izibungu zokhokho ekhanda nasentanyeni.

Umuntu otheleleke ngotwayi uba nenkinga yokungezwani nezibungu, amaqanda kanye nendle yakhe okuvame ukwenzeka emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokuvezwa kokuqala.

Ukhwekhwe olubunjiwe (utwayi lwaseNorway) luhlobo olungavamile lukakhokho olwenzeka ngenxa yokusingathwa kwempendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ekulawuleni izibungu. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu utheleleka ngesibungu esikhulu (kuze kufike ezigidini ezimbili), esithathelwana kakhulu ngokungafani notwayi olujwayelekile, lapho umuntu enezilonda eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-15 [okubili] .

Ukhwekhwe oluqhekekile lungathinta abantu asebekhulile, abantu abangenakunyakaziswa emzimbeni noma abantu abanezimo ezinjengokulimala komgogodla, ukukhubazeka, ukuba buthakathaka kwengqondo nokulahlekelwa umuzwa okubavimbela ukulunywa noma ukunwaya isikhumba [3] .

Ukudluliswa Kotwayi

Utwayi uvame ukusabalala ngokuxhumana okuqondile, kwesikhumba nesikhumba njengokubambana ngezandla noma ukuya ocansini nomuntu onegciwane elinotwayi. Imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20 yokuxhumana okusondelene nomuntu onegciwane kungadlulisa kalula utwayi [4] .

Izibungu zingaphila kude nomzimba womuntu cishe amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-36, ngakho-ke kuyenzeka ukuthi uhlaselwe ukhwekhwe ngama-fomites, njengezimpahla zokugqoka nelineni lokulala, kepha lokhu kudluliswa akuvamile [5] .

Izimpawu Zotwayi

Umuntu ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okokuqala akakhombisi zimpawu kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili (amasonto amabili kuya kwayisithupha). Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezingabonakali zingasabalalisa ukhwekhwe ngalesi sikhathi.

Umuntu otheleleke ngotwayi phambilini, izimpawu zivela kungakapheli usuku kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuchayeka.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zotwayi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqubuka esikhunjeni

• Ukulunywa okukhulu okuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku

• Amabhampa abomvu noma amabhamuza esikhunjeni anwaya futhi abomvu [6] .

Izici Zobungozi Zotwayi

• Abantu abasha

• Abantu asebekhulile

• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba angakhubazekile

• Abantu ababambezeleke ngokwentuthuko

• Amasethingi okunakekela izingane, izikhungo zokunakekela isikhathi eside kanye namajele yizindawo ezivamile zokuthelwa ukhwekhwe [7] .

Izinkinga Zotwayi

• Ukulunywa okunamandla kuholela ekuklwebhekeni okubanga ukutheleleka kwamagciwane njenge-impetigo, i-pyoderma ebangelwa yi-Staphylococcus aureus ne-group A streptococcus bacteria. Lezi zifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa amagciwane kwesinye isikhathi zingaholela ku-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis nesifo senhliziyo [8] , [9] .

• Ukuqwasha

• Ukucindezeleka

Lapho Ukubona Udokotela Wakho

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana neziqubu ezibomvu, ezilumayo nezincane esikhunjeni ezingasoze zaphela.

Ukuxilongwa Kwama-Scabies

Ukhwekhwe cishe lubukeka lufana nezinye izimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema, impetigo, umbandamu ne-psoriasis okwenza kube nzima ukuthola utwayi. Ngokuya ngocwaningo eBrazil, amaphesenti ayi-18 kuya kuma-43 amaphesenti ezingane ezitholwe zinesifo sozungu.

Ukuxilongwa kotwayi kususelwa ekubukekeni, ukuqubuka ezindaweni ezithile, izimpawu nokuba khona kwemigodi esikhunjeni.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhuhla isikhumba - Uklwebha indawo yesikhumba emgodini ukuyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, okungasiza ukuthola ukuthi kukhona izibungu noma amaqanda azo.

• Ukuhlolwa kukayinki weBurrow - Gcoba umnsalo ngobumnene ngaphansi kwepeni lomthombo, uwumboze ngoyinki. Uyinki oweqile usulwa ngotshwala. Uma umgodi ukhona, uyinki uzowulandela bese ubeka umkhawulo womgodi.

• Dermoscopy - Kuyindlela yokuxilonga ebandakanya ukukhuliswa kwesikhumba [10] .

Ukwelashwa Kotwayi

• I-Permethrin - Kukhilimu owenziwe ngokwezihloko osetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokhakhayi. Amaphesenti amahlanu kakhilimu we-permethrin kufanele asetshenziswe esikhumbeni kusuka entanyeni kuye ozwaneni bese uwashiya ubusuku bonke bese uwageza. Ezinsaneni, ukhilimu usetshenziswa kuwo wonke umzimba kubandakanya ubuso nenhloko. Ukhilimu wePermethrin kufanele uphinde usetshenziswe ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa ukubulala amaqanda ezinyoni asanda kuchanyuselwa. I-Permethrin iphephile ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ekukhulelweni nasekunceliseni.

• Ivermectin -I-Oral ivermectin isetshenziselwa ukwelapha utwayi, ikakhulukazi ukhwekhwe oluqweqwe futhi isetshenziselwe ukuphatha ukuqubuka kwezikhungo noma komphakathi, yize i-United States Food and Drug Administration ingakuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukwelashwa kokhakhayi.

Olunye ucwaningo luye lwasho ukuthi ivermectin efakwa ngomlomo njengomthamo owodwa owabantu abaneminyaka eyi-10 nangaphezulu. Imithamo eyengeziwe inikezwa emasontweni amabili kamuva uma izimpawu zisaqhubeka. Imithamo emibili ye-ivermectin ine-scabistatic, umthamo wesibili ubulala izibungu ezichanyuselwe.

Ivermectin ayinconywa ezinganeni ezinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-15 kg nabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ivermectin kuncike ekulula, ukuphathwa kalula, imiphumela emibi nokuphepha.

• I-Benzyl benzoate - Ngomunye umuthi osebenzayo futhi osetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni athuthukile. Ukusetshenziswa okunconyiwe kwe-benzyl benzoate ngamaphesenti angama-28 kubantu abadala namaphesenti ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12.5 ezingane. Faka ukhilimu we-benzyl benzoate esikhunjeni bese uwushiya amahora angama-24. Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele basebenzise lo muthi [ishumi nanye] , [12] , [13] .

Imithi ye-antihistamine ingasetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukulunywa. Futhi ama-antibiotic e-topical noma omlomo angasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ukuvinjelwa Kotwayi

Ukuvimbela ukungena futhi nokusabalala kokhokho, kufanele uthathe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Geza yonke ilineni lokulala okubandakanya amashidi okulala, izingubo zokulala namakhukhu womcamelo kanye nezingubo emanzini ashisayo. Futhi womise ngokushisa okomile.

• Uma amanzi ashisayo engatholakali, faka yonke ilineni lokulala nezingubo esikhwameni sepulasitiki esivaliwe bese ubeka kude izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngoba izibungu azikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokuthintana nesikhumba somuntu izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezine.

• Gwema ukuthintana ngqo nesikhumba nesikhumba nomuntu onegciwane.

• Hlanza ezinye izindawo ngamanzi ashisayo okungenzeka ukuthi anezibungu.

• Onke amalungu omndeni abelokhu exhumana ngqo nelungu lomndeni elinalesi sifo kufanele alashwe kanye nelungu elinalesi sifo ukuvimbela ukuvezwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa kabusha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

U. Ngithole kanjani utwayi?

TO . Ukhwekhwe luvame ukusakazeka luqonde ngqo, ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Uma usondele kakhulu kumuntu onegciwane, maningi amathuba okuthi ungenwe utwayi.

U. Yini ebulala utwayi ngokushesha?

TO. Ukhilimu wePermethrin ukwelashwa komugqa wokuqala kokhokho.

U. Ingabe utwayi lungazimela?

TO. Cha. Imithi kadokotela kanye namakhambi athile asekhaya angasiza ekuqedeni utwayi.

U. Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ukhwekhwe?

TO. Izibungu zescabi zingahlala kumuntu isikhathi esingangenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili.

U. Ingabe amanzi ashisayo abulala utwayi?

TO. Izikhumba ze-Scabies zizofa uma zichayeka ekushiseni okungu-50 ° C (122 ° F) imizuzu eyi-10.

U. Ingabe utwayi lubangelwa ukungabi nenhlanzeko?

TO. Ubuphofu, ukuminyana kwabantu, ukwabiwa kwemibhede kanye nemindeni enezingane eziningi kwandisa ingozi yotwayi.

U. Kwenzekani uma utwayi lungalashwa?

TO. Uma utwayi lungelashwa, izibungu zingahlala esikhunjeni sakho izinyanga.

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Ngithumele Nge-Imeyili Khombisa Esizeni